Ecological Studies on a Sand Plain. 157 



and Juniper are entirely lacking, whilst the Moosewood averages 

 250 to the acre. The flowering herbs are represented mainly by 

 the Pigeon Berry, the proportion being (new comers starred) : 



Goodyera, Aster and Trientalis americana were also noted. The 

 soil is verging towards a sandy loam, the coarse gravel being en- 

 tirely lacking. The analysis of the fine earth shows the following 

 proportions of the soil grades : 



Organic matter lost in burning amounts to 9.3 per cent- The 

 moisture content is 2.3 per cent. The humus is mild and 2 inches 

 deep. 



The fineness of the soil together with the high percentage of 

 organic matter is responsible for the high moisture content. 



The Hemlock is extending itself rather widely by seeding in on 

 old burns beneath the advance growth of birch and poplar. It 

 appears that once it has taken possession of the soil it is able to 

 retain it unless the situation is dry. 



The Hardtuood Association. 



The hardwoods occupy the best and deepest soils on the Sand 

 Plain. The formation covers perhaps 70 acres and presents sharp 

 contrast to the other associations. 



The stand is more open and of a lower density than any of the 

 others. The total of 166 stems to the acre is composed of: 



