THE GROWTH OF RED PINE IN ONTARIO. 

 By a. H. D. Ross. 



The Red Pine (Pinus resinosa, Aitonj, or Norway Pine, adapts 

 itself to many kinds of soils and usually forms groves scattered 

 through other forests of pines and broadleaved trees. From 

 Nova Scotia it ranges northeastward through New Brunswick 

 to Lake Saint John, Quebec, and westward through the Prov- 

 inces of Quebec and Ontario to the southeast corner of Lake 

 Winnipeg; thence through the States of Minnesota, Wisconsin, 

 southern Michigan and the mountains of Pennsylvania to Mas- 

 sachusetts. It is most abundant and of its largest size in the 

 northern portions of Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota, the 

 full grown trees being usually 60 to 75 feet in height and 18 to 

 24 inches in diameter; occasionally 90 to 120 feet and 30 to 36 

 inches. 



The heartwood varies in color from a pale red to a rather deep 

 red and the rather thin sapwood from a light yellow to nearly 

 white. The wood is of medium texture, fairly stiff and strong, 

 somewhat resinous but does not last in contact with the ground. 

 Its hardness is about 40 per cent, that of white oak, and, when 

 thoroughly kiln dried, it weighs about 30 pounds per cubic foot. 

 The average of 95 tests, made on wood containing 12 per cent, 

 moisture, shows that it has an endwise crushing strength of 6,700 

 pounds per square inch; a modulus of elasticity of 1,620,000 (yy 

 per cent, that of white oak) ; and a modulus of rupture of 9,100, 

 or 70 per cent, that of white oak. 



In the lumber trade red pine is usually mixed and sold with 

 white pine, and it is interesting to note that fifty years ago it 

 commanded a better price in the English market than white pine 

 did. This was partly due to the fact that it resembles Scotch 

 pine more than white pine does and partly because the superior 

 qualities of white pine were not so well known then as they are 

 now. 



Reports from 225 Canadian mills in operation during 191 1 

 show that the annual cut of red pine amounted to 150,806,000 

 board feet, and that practically 92 per cent, of this came from 

 104 mills in Ontario. Quebec produced 5 per cent., Nova Scotia 

 2 per cent, and New Brunswick i per cent. The total cut for the 



