1 88 Forestry Quarterly. 



only to very limited proportions. The mills are small and of the 

 circular saw type with an average daily capacity of about 5,000 

 board feet. During the fiscal year 1912 only four mills were 

 in operation at all, the entire output of these not exceeding 

 650,000 board feet, practically all of which was construction 

 lumber- At the present time piling makes up the principal part 

 of the timber cut from this forest, the canneries using moder- 

 ately large quantities for traps and wharves each year besides 

 small amounts used for mine and private wharves, there being 

 very nearly 387,500 linear feet of piling used during the fiscal 

 year 1912. A comparatively large number of ties have been cut 

 and partially used in the construction of railroads in the Cook 

 Inlet and Copper River regions; at present however, all such 

 operations have ceased except on the Copper River & North- 

 western R. R. upon which trains are being operated. 



Species and Their Uses. 



Out of the comparatively large number of tree species found 

 on the two National Forests in Alaska, only a few have present 

 or future commercial importance. Sitka Spruce the valuable 

 saw timber tree, will enter with Western Hemlock into the man- 

 ufacture of paper pulp. Red Cedar is looked upon by some tim- 

 bermen to supply limited quantities of poles for market in the 

 States and Yellow Cypress is expected to supply moderately 

 large quantities of lumber for the manufacture of furniture. 

 Although the several other species present which are known to 

 have qualities which adapt them to various economic uses they 

 exist only in limited quantities and therefore will not have any 

 commercial importance as far as the forests of this region are 

 concerned. The tree species found on the Tongass National 

 Forest are as follows : 



Sitka Spruce, Picea sitchensis. 



Western Hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla. 



Alpine or Black Hemlock, " mertensiana. 



Western Red Cedar, Thuja plicata. 



Yellow Cypress, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis. 



Lodgepole Pine, Pintis contorta. 



Alpine Fir, Abies lasiocarpa. 



Amabilis Fir, " amahilis. 



