Periodical Literature. 265 



higher and denser. The amount of seed to be used on plats is 

 reduced on burned ground from 70-150 seeds per plat to 50 seed. 



Om Ljtingbrdnning for Skogskulturen. Meddelanden fran Statens 

 Skogsforsoksanstalt. Skogsvardsforeningens Tidskrift. Heft i and 2. 

 1911. 



The extensive planting of waste lands in 



Geists' Prussia has lately stimulated the inventive 



Soil genius of foresters to design efficient plant- 



Grubber. ing and cultivating tools. Among the latter 



the "Geist Kahler Wiihlgrubber" (see F. Q. 



vol. VII, p. 339; vol. X, p. 521) has been submitted by Schultz 



to comprehensive trials. Its function is to stir the soil and at the 



same time dissect and mix in the surface raw humus, which, as 



Dr. Moeller has proved, if so mixed in, produces remarkable 



growth of pine. 



The machine consists of a rotating drum with 24 cutting pro- 

 jections 26 inch in length; it can work to 20 inch depth, and 

 20 inch width- It runs over rocks and stumps; cuts roots up to 

 3 inches and tears out thicker ones and stones. The price is 

 $375, to be had from Heinrich Kahler at Gustrow, Mecklenburg. 



The first trials were made on gravelly sand with stones and 

 glacial rocks, with a light grass or weed cover and single heath 

 plants. It was drawn by 8 small horses (six better ones would 

 suffice), and worked in the average one acre in two hours into 

 strips 3 to 4 feet apart, 16 inch deep, costing $2.45 per acre, 

 transportation to the field included. Over rocks and small 

 stumps the grubber slides readily, and small stones up to 12 inch 

 diameter are thrown out. Even on slopes the machine is remark- 

 ably stable. 



The loosening of the soil was perfect and the humus was well 

 mixed with the mineral soil. In the following spring, the strips 

 are evened with a harrow and sowed and firmed by machine. The 

 difference in the resulting plants from ordinary sowing on hoed 

 soil is remarkable. 



Similar to waste land, the machine works on forest soil where- 

 ever such a machine can be drawn, low stumps being no objection. 



But on strong sod and soil covered densely with huckleberry, 

 etc., there must be preparatory work done, for which another 

 machine was constructed, which cuts first the sod or brush, for 



