266 Forestry Quarterly. 



90 cents to $1.50 per acre. The entire soil preparation on most 

 unpromising ground was done very satisfactorily for up to $8 

 or $9 per acre; all these prices being high because being first 

 trials. In most cases the cost would not exceed $3 per acre 

 and up to $5 with double cutting of brush ; and the results in 

 growth of plants amply repays this cost. 



Der Geist-Kdhler'sche IViihl grubber. Zeitschrift fiir Forst- u. Jagd- 

 wesen. February, 1913- Pp. 92-103. 



An interesting and practically important 



Seed contribution to two questions of collecting 



Supply. and extracting seeds from Scotch Pine is 



furnished by Dr. Busse, on what he admits 



to be a rather limited amount of data and experiments, detailed 



in tables. 



Collecting cones by means of scissors on poles from marginal 

 trees, i. e. pruning branches back he expected that next year's 

 and following crops would be poorer or at least smaller- The 

 contrary was experienced for three years. The cones were not 

 "Notzapfen" (distress cones), but bore seed of good quality. 

 Similarly the cones from young 10-20 year, thickets, which have 

 usually been considered signs of senility and undesirable, com- 

 pare well with normal cones. The author comes to the conclu- 

 sion that age has nothing to do with quality of cones and seed, 

 disposition of the individual pre-determines size and weight of 

 cones, and the proportion of infertile seeds. Hence, the easy 

 collection of cones from young stands which Schwappach had 

 already advocated (see F. Q., vol V) is declared not objection- 

 able. 



The second question touched is the experience that in extract- 

 ing seeds often many cones do not open completely or remain 

 closed altogether. It has been experienced that late gathering re- 

 duces but does not entirely overcome the loss. Referring to the 

 process as it occurs in nature, the author points out that in the 

 artificial operation the alternate heating and wetting, which takes 

 place in nature through dew and rain, is omitted. This led to 

 soaking the cones after the first heat and the result in output was 

 astonishing. 



The cones, all of them, were after the first heat, placed in 

 water of room temperature for one-quarter of an hour then 



