28o forc'slf-y Quarierly. 



nations which cannot produce cotton as regards war materials 

 would result. 



Finally, a substitution for cotton as a textile is not excluded- 

 Certain methods of cooking produce a very strong tough fiber 

 which by itself or with a little addition of cotton can be made into 

 yarn, called "xylolin" or "textilose," which replaces jute. 



The ultimate aim must be to utilize the wood to the last rest — 

 to be sure, this is still a Utopia. 



Die V erwcrtung von Forstprodukten auf chemischem Wege. Zeit- 

 schrift fiir Forst- u. Jagdwesen. February, 1913. Pp. 72-80. 



It is interesting to note the progress in a few 

 Utilizing specific instances of utilizing the wood that 



Wood Waste. was formerly wasted in both the logging 

 and milling operations. 



A company near Cadillac, Mich., was first to utilize its waste 

 wood for charcoal and its by-products. Two charcoal burners 

 were installed and after considerable experiment the small pieces 

 of wood and sawdust were converted into charcoal, and in 1901 

 this was commercially profitable. The next step was to recover 

 the waste gases as acetate of lime and wood alcohol. Only the 

 unmerchantable timber was used. More carbonizing plants were 

 added and an iron company was induced to use the charcoal on 

 the spot for smelting ore. This resulted in a plant with a 100 

 ton capacity of pig iron daily. 



Another company owned 25,000 acres of hardwoods, of which 

 only 40% were used for merchantable timber. Eventually the 

 remaining 60% was converted into charcoal and its by-products, 

 while the ashes were sold to potash works. 



A turpentine company was formed a few years ago in nothern 

 Michigan to obtain turpentine from pine stumps. Two dollars a 

 ton delivered at the mill was paid for stumps ; this price paid the 

 farmers for clearing their land- The stumps were ground up, 

 the turpentine extracted, and the residue ground into wood fiber 

 for commercial purposes. By-products such as rosin, oil of tar, 

 and acetic acid were obtained. The investments were justified 

 by the results. 



Another company, owning mines, sawmills, furnaces, and 

 chemical plants, estimates a saving of 8,000,000 board feet 

 annually. The unmerchantable material is converted into char- 



