282 Forestry Quarterly. 



Another industry which uses nothing but Paper Birch is that 

 manufacturing shoe pegs and shoe shanks. A considerable 

 amount is exported to Germany and Japan. 



The toothpick is another article for which Paper Birch is used 

 almost exclusively. A single mill in Maine uses 2,000 cords 

 yearly for this purpose alone. Dowel and novelty mills, bobbin 

 and shuttle manufactures use birch largely for their work. 



Although Paper Birch is a transcontinental tree in its dis- 

 tribution, the industries which use it exclusively are confined to 

 Maine and New Hampshire. The great stands of Birch now 

 used are probably the results of burning over by the great 

 Miramichi fire of 1825 and other smaller fires of about that time. 

 — American Lumberman. 



At a recent meeting of the Michigan Hard- 

 ^ , , wood Manufacturer's Association it was 



1 TCQlCCi 



rr J J reported that many tests of treated ties 



Hardwood , , . . ^ , , , . , 



7D •; J T-- proved the superiority of beech, birch and 



Railroad Ties. , r ,, • o , r , 



maple for this purpose. Several of the 



largest railroad systems have adopted them. 

 Since 1907 there has been a great increase in the employment of 

 these species for ties; now beech and maple ties constitute 7% 

 of all treated ties used. 



When treated with zinc chloride they last longer than un- 

 treated white oak and when treated with creosote they are as 

 durable as white oak with a similar treatment- — Lumber World 

 Review. 



A method for preventing decay at the base 



Pole of poles has been devised by a New Jersey 



Treatment. man. A cylindrical form is sunk two feet 



into the ground around the pole, after the 

 decayed portion has been removed and a treatment of creosote 

 applied. Then the casing or form is filled with hot pitch. The 

 mould is removed after the pitch has hardened. The process 

 costs little compared to the expense of replacing a pole and, it is 

 claimed, will add 7 or 8 years to the life of the pole. — American 

 Lumberman. 



