White Fir in Klamath Basin. 359 



The strongest argument against this plan would be the loss 

 of the advance reproduction of Yellow pine- This should be 

 largely offset by the destruction of the scattered reproduction of 

 White fir at the same time. In applying this system care should 

 be exercised in selecting the sites, paying attention among other 

 things to the probability of frost damage, soil erosion, etc. 



The second point to be considered in a system of management 

 is the securing of a maximum volume and quality of such White 

 fir as must be left in the stand. The fire protection to White fir 

 which is ordinarily given Yellow pine will practically accomplish 

 this result. Considered as an outlaw, as it has frequently been 

 in the past, White fir has received practically no protection, ex- 

 cept such as it may appropriate through its association with Yel- 

 low pine. 



White fir clumps are often used as the sites of brush piles. 

 In theory this may be good forestry, since it is intended to kill 

 the White fir clump and leave an opening for Yellow pine. In 

 practice this result does not always follow. Unless the brush pile 

 covers the clump, which it frequently does not do, there is com- 

 monly left a fringe of badly burned and crippled seedlings. These, 

 on account of the unusual vitality of the species, will ordinarily 

 recover and occupy their place in the mature stand. It is safe to 

 say, however, that a very large percentage of such trees which 

 do reach maturity will be practically worthless as a result of 

 fungous attacks following the fire injury. It is true that the 

 fungi causing the most damage work in the heartwood, which 

 is not formed until after the seedling stage is passed, but the 

 cracks, which follow the killing of the bark and drying out of 

 the sapwood, furnish a ready means of entrance for disease after 

 the heartwood begins to form. 



Seedlings on the borders of clumps, which might be damaged 

 in a clear burning system, will, in the natural development of the 

 group, be forced out so that timber which is defective because of 

 this fire damage, will not be found in the mature stand. 



From the data which has been secured it would seem that a 

 general plan of management for the lower slope type, such as 

 the following, might be satisfactory. 



For the drier situations the present selection system should 

 be continued. On sites where surface moisture conditions are 



