4o6 Forestry Quarterly. 



poplar, ash, oak and walnut, $25.46, $21.20, $19.14, $31.70 re- 

 spectively. 



Stumpage prices are not given, but if we allow $8 per M for the 

 cost of marketing the softwoods and $9 for hardwoods on the 

 average we have a rough approximation of stumpage values, 

 which would then lie between $4 to 6 for the cheaper woods and 

 $10 to 12 for most of the more expensive woods, with some ex- 

 ceptionally higher; tulip poplar — the substitute of white pine! — 

 being one of them. The consumption of telegraph poles and 

 railroad ties has during the last five years varied in small num- 

 bers, with an average of 3.5 million poles, cedar and chestnut 

 furnishing the bulk, and 135 million ties, oak (449^), southern 

 pme (20%), and Douglas fir, with cedar and chestnut being most 

 sought. 



The development of preservative treatment of railroad ties in 

 the last five years is striking, namely over 50 per cent, more in 

 191 1 than in 1907. Yet there are still only 23 per cent, of all 

 ties treated. Creosote and zinc chloride by themselves or in mix- 

 ture, the standard preservative, are the favorites; all others play 

 so far a small role. The treatment is usually extended to the 

 species which in themselves are durable, and hence cheaper woods 

 and cheaper preservatives remain untried. 



It has also become customary to paint poles, two-thirds of the 

 total number receiving a treatment, mostly of coal-tar oils, car- 

 bolineum and others. 



The veneer industry seems to be growing, built-up lumber is 

 becoming a more and more important factor each year because 

 less expensive, less likely to warp and check, and combining 

 greater lightness with strength. Manufacture of light-weight 

 packages, berry cups, fruit baskets, tills, boxes and barrels opens 

 a wide field for shaved lumber- Furniture tops, panels and 

 backs ; drawers fronts and bottoms, chairs, trunks ; store and 

 ofiice fixtures ; packing boxes, vehicle bodies, finish of passenger 

 cars, etc., are fields for employment of glue and veneer. So 

 far not quite a half billion feet of logs are used in this way; 

 and the manufacture is widely distributed, seven States alone re- 

 porting over 25 million feet. 



Red gum is the principal veneer wood with over one-third of 

 the total, more than the combined amounts of any other four 



