424 Forestry Quarterly. 



those which effervesce with a lo per cent, hydrochloric acid are 

 always drier and harder. The passages in the loess of moles 

 and other rodents, filled with humus, are always moister while 

 those in the humus layer filled with loess are drier than the sur- 

 rounding soil. Similarly, the brown deposits in the loess formed 

 under plantations are moister and soil taken in the neighborhood 

 of the end of roots is extraordinarily humid. These findings 

 show how difficult it is to secure an average. 



Under spruce the soil is drier than under larch and oak. 



The varying CO2 contents of soils cannot be ascribed to forest 

 influence. 



Uber die Rolle des Waldes bei der Bodenbildung. Lesnoj Journal, 

 Resume. 1913. Pp. 194-198. 



SILVICULTURE, PROTECTION AND EXTENSION. 



The market value of any particular lot of 



Superiority pine seeds is determined at present by two 



of factors — source and germination per cent. 



Heavy Weight of the individual seeds is a third 



Seed. factor which has been neglected without 



warrant. Physiology indicates that larger 



seed should succeed better and repeated experiments by Buhler, 



Friedrich, Haack, Eisenmenger and others have established such 



to be true. The same fact has been firmly established for farm 



seeds and has already been adopted as a criterion of seed values. 



That dealers in pine seed have not adopted a similar practice 



seems to be due to lack of machines for separating light seeds 



from heavy. 



One of the machines used in the separation of farm seeds is 

 known as the Kayser centrifuge and is manufactured by the firm 

 of Hermann Kayser in Leipzig. It has been described repeat- 

 edly, one of the best discussions of its value being by Professor J- 

 Rezek. *Preliminary tests by the author with a stock machine 

 gave a separation into four portions, but it was found on weigh- 

 ing that the two upper and the two lower had to be combined so 



* Mitt. d. landw. Lehrkanzeln d. k. k. Hochsch. f . Bodenkultur in Wien. 

 Vol. I (1912), No. I. 



