Periodical Literature. 439 



the forest area per capita has decreased from .69 in 1870 to .59 

 acre in 1910- 



Of the total forest area 75.2 per cent, are now recognized as 

 protection forest, 62 per cent, of the state forests, 80.7 per cent, 

 of the communal, and 60.8 per cent, of private forest; that is 

 to say, a very large portion of forest is in the mountains, where 

 the workwood per cent, is hardly 10; although in certain hill land 

 forests, by careful work, the workwood per cent, is brought up 

 to 85 per cent. Difficulties of transportation account in part for 

 this low workwood production. This discovery led to subventions 

 by the Bund since 1903 for roadbuilding, for which in 1910 al- 

 together over $250,000 were spent. The smallness of the private 

 forest properties prevents mostly a rational management for lum- 

 ber. The desire for lumber has led to change from hardwoods 

 to conifers, the spruce being largely planted, which in the low- 

 lands in pure stands becomes heart rotten (76% of all pure 

 stands!) but remains sound in mixed plantings. 



Of the total wood consumption of Switzerland, namely 42 mil- 

 lion cubic feet in 1909, 15 million was coniferous, and 22 million 

 deciduous material, a little more than one quarter in each case be- 

 ing imported. It will be noted that the consumption of coniferous 

 material is less than of broadleaf. Yet, according to Decoppet, 

 in the home production, conifers participate with 70 per cent., of 

 which 40 per cent spruce and 20 per cent fir. 



Timber forest occupies 91-4 per cent, of the total public forest 

 area of 1.5 million acres, 5.2 per cent, being in coppice, 3.4 per 

 cent, in composite forest, and the other forest areas show similar 

 proportions. 



Arealstatistik : Die Gemeindcn dcr Schzveiz. Schweizerische Zeitschrift 

 fiir Forstwesen. April, 1913. Pp. 134-138. Schtveizcrische ForststatisHk. 

 Centralblatt fiir das gesammte Forstwesen. February, 1913. Pp. 77-80. 



Since many decades the lumber market has 

 Rising not seen such advances in prices ! 



Lumber During 1912 lumber prices rose by 7,.7, to 



Prices 8.7 per cent, and were stiff, and in some 



in items to over 17 per cent, in hardwoods 



Germ-any- and to over 25 per cent, in softwoods. De- 



livered at rail in the Rhine country the 

 following prices prevailed : 



