556 Forestry Quarterly. 



of logging, $413,750; 150,000 short ties, $37,500. Approxi- 

 mately 239,676,500 feet of lumber are cut annually in the state 

 for the manufacture of railroad ties, costing about $2,500,000. 

 The average production of cedar posts in Minnesota is 3,700,000 ; 

 that of poles about 1,270,000. About ten million board feet of 

 piling $250,000 were cut in 1912. 



The following table is an estimate of the amount of wood cut 

 annually in Minnesota for fuel : 



Farms, 1,000,000 cords. 



Cities and villages, 750,000 cords. 



Shipped out of the State, 175,000 cords. 



Total, 1,925,000 cords. 



In addition to this there is shipped into the state from Wis- 

 consin about 25,000 cords. 



Minnesota has the greatest forests of any state east of the 

 Rocky Mountains. Over twenty-eight million acres still bear 

 forests of some kind, though much of the area has been logged 

 and still more has been burned over. There are approximately 

 seventy-five billion feet of merchantable timber standing in the 

 woods with a stumpage value of at least $4 a thousand. The 

 enormous value of these forests was recognized by the legis- 

 lature in 191 1, which appropriated $75,000 annually, and thus 

 made possible an organized force of rangers and patrolmen. 



''A beginning has been made by the the newly organized forest 

 service to protect the forests from fire, to secure a greater 

 economy in the utilization of forest products, to encourage the 

 use of species of trees other than those now cut, and to differen- 

 tiate between agricultural and forest land with a view to per- 

 petuating the forests upon land which will produce greater profit 

 in growing timber than in agricultural crops." 



S. J. R. 



The Wood-using Industries of Iowa. By Hu. Maxwell and 

 J. T. Harris, with Chapters on "The Timber Resources of Iowa," 

 by G. B. MacDonald and "White Pine in Iowa," by N. C. Brown. 

 Bulletin 142, Iowa Agr. Exp. Station, Ames, Iowa. 191 3. Pp. 

 231-304, ill. 



The study upon which this report is based was conducted by 

 the U. S. Forest Service in co-operation with the Iowa Agricul- 



