5/8 Forestry Quarterly. 



SILVICULTURE, PROTECTION AND EXTENSION. 



Geist records his observations on the influ- 



Deep ence of deep setting of plants in the case 



Planting. of Scotch Pine. Pine stands can be kept 



close to the end of the rotation only when 

 the tracing roots lie close to the surface. The best production 

 is secured, if the upper soil layers consist of good loose soil with 

 humus or raw humus contents, into which stout shallow roots 

 can develop, which in deep position cannot develop, so that the 

 deeper the plants are set the poorer is the growth and the greater 

 the danger in the polewood stage of death. This danger is the 

 greater, the drier and more compact the soil. By underplanting 

 with broad leaf species the soil can be made fresher and looser 

 and a deeper humus layer may be secured. 



Welchen BinUuss hat ein su tiefer Stand der Kiefer auf deren Lehens- 

 dauer und Brtrag. Zeitschrift fiir Forst- und Jagdwesen, September, 

 1913, pp. 589-596. 



Dr. Schwappach discusses the frequent ex- 

 Poor perience of promising pine plantations on 

 Pantations waste lands failing in the 10-15 y63.r, and 

 Improved beginning to die in groups when 20 years, 

 by the soil deteriorating and the whole mak- 

 Pinus rigida. ing a miserable impression. His conclu- 

 sions are, that this behavior is due to a 

 misproportion of numbers and food material, and especially of 

 water supply. Hence reduction of numbers or additional food 

 and water supply are the remedies. The latter requirement can 

 be most cheaply secured by carefully avoiding in thinnings re- 

 moval of the lower brushwood, which keeps the upper soil layer 

 moist and by its decomposition, having high ash contents, acts 

 as manure. Otherwise admixture of Pinus rigida in single indi- 

 viduals is recommended. This recommendation is based upon 

 experience in plantations 25-30 years old. P. rigida grows in the 

 first years on poor soil more rapidly than P. silvestris, and with a 

 plentiful fall of needles improves the soil. At 10 to 15 years 

 it is overhauled by the Scotch Pine when P. rigida still acts as 

 nurse in clearing its neighbor, until it collapses and again thereby 

 enriches the soil. 



