582 Forestry Quarterly. 



stands. There are also thin soiled sites at lower elevations 

 where beech cannot be successfully introduced. In such places 

 the disadvantages of pure stands should be minimized by rather 

 open planting so as to encourage thrifty crown and root devel- 

 opment. In addition the cutting should always be done against 

 the wind and large openings avoided. As a precaution against 

 fire and storm a good roads system should be provided. Along 

 such openings shrub should be encouraged to prevent soil de- 

 terioration by the wind blowing away the Utter and excessive 

 evaporation, as a harbor for birds, and for aesthetic reasons. 



Besides its value in mixture with spruce, beech is also an ex- 

 cellent species to add to pine stands. The main obstacle to over- 

 come in this connection is the fact that beech seedlings need 

 protection in their early years on the dry sandy soils usually 

 devoted to pine. For this reason a nurse crop of pine or alder 

 is often advisable and sturdy seedlings with good root develop- 

 ment must be selected. 



The addition of beech to pine is advised when openings have 

 occurred by reason of storms, fire, or insects, as an understory, 

 in fail places of plantations, to supply the deficiencies of natural 

 regeneration, and as one of the component species of a mixed 

 stand planted in open fields which are to be reforested. 



Summarizing briefly, mixtures of beech with spruce and pine 

 improve the soil, prevent storm, fire and insect damage, attract 

 birds, and increase the beauty of a forest. K. W. W. 



Begriindung der Mischbestdnde, etc. Forstwissenschaftliches Central- 

 blatt. July, 191 2. Pp. 345-353- 



Douglas Fir has proved to be one of the 

 Growth most satisfactory exotics for introduction 



of into the forests of Germany and bids fair 



Douglas Fir to become as thoroughly acclimated as 

 in White Pine. The following results from a 



Germany. plantation in southern Germany indicate 



the possibilities of the species : 

 Elevation above sea level, 1,700 feet. 

 Established in 1884. 

 Thinned in iQoy, age 2^ years. 



Taking out jj8 stems per acre with an average d. h. h. of 2" 

 and an average height of jj feet. 



