594 Forestry Quarterly. 



larger locomotives the former method. There seems to be little differ- 

 ence between the two methods in actual operation, except that perhaps 

 the latter introduces a small quantity of condensed steam in the oil, but 

 this is of small consequence, because oil ordinarily contains considerable 

 water and the introduction of the small quantity mentioned above does 

 not affect it in any way. All oil tanks should be equipped with drain valves 

 in the bottom of the tank for the purpose of draining the water in the 

 oil. If this is not done, spluttering of the flame at the tip of the burner, 

 and, occasionally, blowing out of the flame will occur. 



The ideal combustion is attained by adjusting the steam and oil valves 

 to suit the load the engine is pulling, which naturally affects the draft, and 

 consequently, more or less air is drawn through the boiler, necessitating 

 more or less oil as the case may require. The ratio of oil and air for 

 ideal combustion is practically constant for all loads. Complete and effi- 

 cient combustion is indicated at the stack by a light blue smoke or haze, 

 very similar to that when burning coke in locomotives. 



Relative Costs 



1. Cost of Burning Wood. — When burning wood, the cost will depend 

 entirely upon what is burned, whether green slabs, or cord wood, and cost 

 of hauling. It is impossible to figure this, as usually "waste" is burned, 

 and each case must be considered separately. 



2. Cost of Burning Coal or Oil. — The cost of burning either will depend 

 on grade used, distance from supply, local hauling cost, handling cost, etc., 

 and each case must be considered separately. 



Cost of Maintenance 



1. Oil vs. Coal. — About equal when firebox is designed for oil. 



2. Higher when same locomotive is made oil and coal burning. 



Cost of Equipping Locomotives 



The cost of equipping logging locomotives for burning oil is not at all 

 excessive, depending upon size of locomotive and oil tank capacity desired, 

 whether it is applied in separate tender or not, etc. 



On the small logging locomotives having cylinders io"xi6" the cost of 

 complete oil equipment will be about $150 in addition to usual price of 

 coal burning locomotive. 



On medium size locomotives having cylinders i6"x24" the cost will be 

 about $300. 



On larger locomotives having cylinders 2i"x28" the cost will be about 

 $750. 



It should not be assumed from the foregoing, because of the many ad- 

 vantages offered by use of burning oil in locomotives, that they are a 

 universal panacea for all ills. On the contrary, each particular installation 

 of oil burning locomotives must be carefully considered as to relative 

 advantages and disadvantages, also regarding ease of obtaining oil, and, 

 other things being equal, relative cost. 



Southern Industrial and Lumber Review, October, 1912. 



In Woodcraft, April, 191 3, is a six page 

 Electric Drive article with good illustrations, giving speci- 

 in fie examples of the use at the present time 



Mill Practice. of electric motors for driving the machines 

 in saw-mills and planing mills. The dis- 

 cussion takes up the application and a comparison of the wound 



