6oo Forestry Quarterly. 



stumps in the Northwest. One man can keep many stumps 

 burning and the rapidity of the burning can be regulated at will. 



In connection with the movement in this 



Container country against the use of fragile substi- 



Specifications. tutes for wooden boxes, it is of interest to 



know that the railroads of Great Britain 

 have adopted regulations in regard to construction of containers 

 for bottles, jars, etc., in which confections or provisions are 

 packed. Wooden boxes for this purpose must have 7/8 inch end 

 boards; sides 3/4 inch; bottoms 3/4 to 1/2 inch, the latter if 

 for canned provisions; lids 5/8 inch. The end joints must be 

 reinforced with strip iron or wire; and partitions not less than 

 1/4 inch thick must be provided to separate jars and bottles. 



American Lumberman. 



Nearly 2,000,000 feet B. M. of apple lum- 



Woods ber is manufactured annually into saw-han- 



for dies; and this is about the only important 



Sazv Handles. use to which apple wood is put altho a 



small amount is made into tobacco pipes 

 and into miscellaneous turned articles; formerly it was used 

 for shuttles, but persimmon and dogwood have superseded it. 

 The wood is the product of old orchards which have been aban- 

 doned on account of insect pests. The lumber is sawed from 

 butts which run two or more feet in length, occasionally reach- 

 ing 8 ft. Thirteen inches is the minimum diameter. The logs are 

 sawed into lumber i 1/8 to i 3/16 inches thick and 6 to 6 1/2 

 inches wide. The lumber is generally steamed while the sap 

 is still in the wood to produce a deep red color. The steaming 

 requires from 36 to 72 hours depending upon the length of the 

 time the wood has been cut; the greener, the less time required. 

 The trade has become used to apple-wood handles and does not 

 consider any other satisfactory in a high grade saw. The cheaper 

 saws have beech as a common substitute. Other woods used 

 are black cherr}'-, red gum, maple, and where specially ordered 

 black walnut and mahogany. 



Hardwood Record. 



