Periodkal Literature. 605 



waste lands have been reforested during this period in Prussia, 

 which has involved the use of nearly one million pounds of pine 

 seed alone annually. 



Private forest on the other hand has been decreased, not only 

 by the sales to the government, but by exploitation, induced by 

 the great industrial development, especially in the eastern prov- 

 inces, although the State has in the meantime assisted reforesta- 

 tion in the western provinces by money conribution to the ex- 

 tent of over $500,000, besides some $100,000 in other ways, fur- 

 nishing expert advice, and otherwise assisting private forest 

 owners through the provincial forestry bureaus. 



The State forests of Prussia, representing only 30.9 per cent, 

 of the total forest area, produced in 1900 as much as all the private 

 forests, comprising 50.8 per cent., or i^ more, and in the last 13 

 years a further considerable improvement has taken place. 



The pel' acre production which in 1887 was 52.6 cubic feet, 

 in 1910 to 191 1 had increased to 70 cubic feet, and the workwood 

 per cent., from 39 to 65 ; in conifers alone, to 76 per cent. This 

 increase in workwood production was made possible by the re- 

 moval of rights of user; increase of coal production, calling for 

 mine timber ; road and railroad construction, making smaller sizes 

 profitable; and industrial development, in which the paper pulp 

 development played no mean role. More intensive management 

 became possible, increasing the amount of thinnings from 39,2 

 per cent, of the main yield to 65.6 per cent, in 19 10 and 191 1, 

 which figures an increase of these intermediate fellings of 137 

 per cent. 



The paper pulp industry shows the following development: 



1888 1900 19 10 



Thousand Tons 

 Transported on railroads — 



Paper and board 424 1,071 -,097 



Paper pulp 363 778 1,292 



Million Dollars 

 Export paper material values 2 7.4 8.6 



" paper, etc. 18.5 24. 36. 



In the statements regarding railroad development, it is of in- 

 terest to note that 32.24 per cent, is laid on metal ties, and the 

 metal tie is growing in favor. It is also notable that of the 3.3 

 million wooden ties used in 1910 almost 2 million were imported 



