86 Forestry Quarterly 



state of reproduction. The wood of the Koa is highly prized for 



cabinet work. Its color varies through rich shades of red and 



brown; its grain is fine and indistinct. 



The wood of Ohia-lehua is of reddish brown color; is very hard 



and strong, and takes a high polish. Railroad ties made from 



Ohia have been in position for twenty years and are still in good 



condition. 



O. L. S. 

 Timberman, Aug., 1914, 



The Province of Kirin is one of the three 



Timber provinces of Manchuria. It has an area of 



Industry about 100,000 square miles, about one-third 



in Manchuria of Manchuria, and a timberland area of 



about 2,110 square miles. During the 



three years, 1910-1912, about 7,500,000 trees were cut of pine, 



cypress, walnut, chestnut, willow and oak. The Chinese statistics 



are not available for the other two provinces. 



There are two species of oak cut ; Mongolian Oak (Q. mongolica) 

 and the Chinese Oak (Q. castanifolia or sinensis). The former 

 is met with practically all over Manchuria; in size it reaches a 

 height of 70 feet and diameter of 2 to 4 feet. The Chinese Oak 

 is found only in North Manchuria, is smaller and has leaves like 

 the Chestnut. Transportation charges on railroads are excessive, 

 costing 7.7 cents per cubic foot for about 300 miles, whereas 

 river transportation costs about 4.5 cents for a distance three times 

 as far. Based on 1 cubic foot, the costs of logging operations are 

 about as follows : 



Stumpage $.11 



Felling 13 



Cutting to 21-foot lengths 70 



Total in woods $.94 



The hauling, made only on frozen ground by carts, costs 2 cents 

 per cubic foot for 6.5 miles. 



Liimber tax in Kirin province is 18 per cent, of the selling price — 

 10 per cent, is paid by the buyer and 8 per cent, by the seller. 

 Firewood is taxed 8 per cent. The regulations of the Department 

 of Agriculture provide for a royalty to the National Governments 

 of 8 per cent, of market value of the lumber. 



