Periodical Literature 123 



Russia against Germany. The trade policy was to exploit the 

 natural resources of Russia and treat her as Germany's colony. 

 Germany's policy was to stimulate the export of raw materials 

 from Russia, hamper the development of manufacture in Russia 

 and build up with Russian raw materials large manufacturing 

 industries in Germany. This policy showed itself most clearly 

 in the case of forest products exported from Russia to Germany. 

 Coniferous timber occupies the third place in the list of all raw 

 products exported from Russia to Germany. During the last 

 year for which statistics are available, Russia exported $29,000,000 

 worth of timber to Germany. Of this only $7,000,000 worth of 

 timber was in the form of a semi-manufactured product, such as 

 pulpwood, hewed timbers, etc. The Russian logs were sawn up 

 in Germany into boards, made into pulp and paper and other 

 finished products, and three-fourths of it was resold to England 

 and Holland, only one-fourth remaining in Germany. One of 

 the important rivers which flow from Russia into Germay, the 

 Niemen, which has been extensively used for floating timber in 

 its lower extension toward the sea, passes through Germany. 

 From a point on this river where it enters Germany, the Germans 

 have built on both sides of the river a large nimiber of sawmills, 

 pulp and paper factories, which are operated with Russian logs. 

 One of the provisions of the trade treaty between Germany 

 and Russia was that Russia must not impose any export duty upon 

 logs and pulpwood, while Germany protected itself from Russian 

 limiber by an import duty of $3.65 per ton upon lumber manu- 

 factured in Russia. The effects were very clear. While Russia 

 was cutting off her forests, especially her private forests, without 

 developing any important limiber industry, Germany built up a 

 great lumber and pulp industry with Russian raw material. 

 Especially disastrous was the effect of the export of pulpwood on 

 private forests in Russia, The export of pulpwood alone amounted 

 on an average to more than $4,000,000 a year. 



R. Z. 



jj <, The Southern Lumberman, August, 1914, 



* j goes to considerable length to show that 



we export only 7.1 per cent, of our annual 



cut. This distributed over several different 



woods shows for the annual cut of each : 



