124 Forestry Quarterly 



Redwood 13.5 per cent, exported 



Fir 12. 5 per cent, exported 



Gum 10 . per cent, exported 



Yellow pine 9.8 per cent, exported 



Oak 7.0 per cent, exported 



Poplar 5.0 per cent, exported 



White pine 1-7 per cent, exported 



Spruce 1-5 per cent, exported 



Cypress 1.5 per cent, exported 



AU other woods 2.2 per cent, exported 



The European countries received 41 per cent, of all that was 

 exported or about 3 per cent, of our total lumber production. 



O. L. S. 



Dr. Coaz, the veteran chief of the Swiss 



Swiss Forest Department for forty years, to whose 



History retirement we have referred (vol. XII, p. 



309), in taking leave of his colleagues, the 



Swiss foresters, refers to the history of the development of forest 



policies in Switzerland, of which, indeed, he was the father. 



In 1876 most cantons had no forest legislation, and in those 

 that had they were mostly poorly applied. At the same time, 

 the dangerous clearing methods had progressed from the plain 

 and hUl country into the Alpine region, and extensive forests on 

 the steepest slopes and near timberlimit were slashed by mine 

 companies and lumbermen without reforesting; mismanagement 

 everywhere, and as a consequence repeated flood damage, the 

 worst in 1868. This finally brought about the law of 1876, 

 which gave the government of the Federation control of the forest 

 police. 



Before this time, however, the forest school of Zurich was opened 

 in 1855, while earlier the Swiss foresters had to get their education 

 in foreign forest schools; among them Tharandt, then still under 

 Cotta, was Coaz's alma mater. Rettirned, he was employed as 

 topographer for six 3^ears, then became head of the forest depart- 

 ment of the canton Graubiinden. Here, with one assistant, he 

 had charge of about 350,000 acres mismanaged or virgin forest. 

 He had to educate his own personnel in three months' courses. 

 Clearing was forbidden and conservative selection management 

 introduced; planting up of waste lands was begun, etc. After 

 twenty-two years activity here, he served from 1875 as head of 

 the new forest department of Bern. He was then charged by the 



