226 Forestry Quarterly 



drier situations. Coating with tar did not increase the durabihty. 

 Brush treatments with coal-tar creosote and carboHneum are well 

 worth while, but do not give the results of deeper penetration. 

 Climate has a decided effect on durability, chestnut poles in the 

 North lasting considerably longer than in the South. 



S. J. R. 



The Resin Industry in Kumaon. By E. A. Smythies. Forest 

 Bulletin 26. Superintendent Government Printing. Calcutta, 

 India. 1914. Pp. 14, pis. 9. 



For 25 years experiments have been conducted to determine 

 the best means for utilizing the extensive pine forests of Kumaon 

 for the production of turpentine and rosin. The results have 

 proved highly satisfactory. 



The French "cup and lip" method of extracting resin has been 

 adopted. A chisel is used to make a curved cut about six inches 

 from the ground and sloping slightly upwards. Into this cut 

 the lip is fixed. On a nail just below the lip is hung a pot 

 which is covered with a piece of bark or a flat stone to keep out 

 dirt and reduce the evaporation of the turpentine. The channel 

 is commenced by cutting with a sharp adz a curved groove 

 about 6 inches long and 4 inches broad and not more than 1 

 inch deep. Beginning about the middle of March and continuing 

 throughout the summer the cut is freshened every six or seven 

 days by removing a thin shaving from the top. 



At the end of the first year the blaze is about 18 inches long. 

 Before commencing subsequent operations the lip and pot are 

 removed up to within four or five inches of the top of the blaze. 

 By this method the amount of scrape is so small that it is not 

 worth collecting. One tapping is continued for five years and 

 the number of channels in light-tapping varies from one to three, 

 depending on the girth of the tree. Experience has shown 

 that tapping to this extent is not at all injurious to healthy trees. 

 The tapping rotation is 15 years; 5 years' tapping and 10 years' 

 rest. In this way one-third of the forest is being worked while 

 the other two-thirds is resting. Experiments with heavier 

 tapping are now being tried. 



The crude resin is taken to the distillery, where it is melted 

 by means of steam coils and run through a fine wire mesh sieve to 



