Citrrent Literature 231 



in Savoie was being devoured by the herds." Even in recent 

 years the forest must be occasionally opened to stock during 

 severe droughts, but Mougin advocates the radical suppression of 

 ail grazing in the forest. 



4. "Gaspillage." A great deal of deforestation took place under 

 the guise of free use. It meant removing wood to which people 

 were not entitled before it was ripe, and an excess of what could 

 rightfully be cut. 



5. 6. 7. Mines and factories. Owing to its political isolation, 

 Savoie had to drain too heavily on its natural resources to supply 

 its local mines and factories. 



8. War. Since the time of Caesar, Savoie has been ravaged by 

 armies, first by one side (Italy) and then by the other (France). 

 The troops used wood for fuel, for the manufacture of powder, 

 for bettering transportation and defenses. (9) Public works. 

 Here wood was demanded for shelters, etc. 10. Fire. 11. Ava- 

 lanches and slides, etc. 



All these summed up mean that the forest wealth of Savoie 

 had great demands put upon it, often when and where it could 

 least be spared ; that it was used extravagantly and was wasted — 

 an excellent object lesson. 



The work of reclamation executed by France is so well known 

 that it need not be repeated in this review. The present day 

 "reboisement" aims at a combination of masonry dams, drains 

 and plantations ; neither "dead" or "living" works alone can stand. 

 Only a combination of the two can be permanently successful. 



T. S. W., Jr. 



Sylviculture: Manuel Pratique. By A. Jacquot. Preface par 

 M. Ed. Henry. Berger-Levrault, Editeurs, Paris. 1914. Pp. 

 243. Price, 5 francs. 



Jacquot is well known in France as the author of a classic 

 work on the estimate and appraisal of fire damages published 

 under the misleading title of "Incendies En Foret." He has again 

 chosen a title which is confusing, because his practical manual 

 of Sylviculture in this case is really an excellent work on the 

 "Elements of Forestry." It is divided into three parts : I. Value 

 of Forests (direct and indirect). II. The Tree (forest species). 

 III. Treatment of Forests (management and reforestation). The 



