A Windfall Problem 319 



of hemlock and cedar. Over most of the burned-over areas there 

 is a good reproduction of hemlock, cedar, and fir, though on 

 one of these areas, 61 acres in extent, there is a fair but not 

 dense reproduction of hemlock and cedar with but little fir. 



The underbrush is in no place dense, save for a few patches 

 of thick rhododendron occuring on about 80 acres in the cedar 

 type. It consists principally of salmon berry, devil's club, huckle- 

 berry, rhododendron, and blackberry. The ground cover con- 

 sists of salal, Oregon grape, and herbaceous growth, being scat- 

 tered pretty heavily over the greater part of the watershed. 



Tabulations were made for each type, showing number of 

 trees and per cent of each species, noting especially the down 

 timber of cedar, average diameters and contents of average tree, 

 and total volume. 



Curves were drawn to bring out the relationships of fallen to 

 standing timber and of diameters to fallen timber, of which the 

 two given on page 320 are samples. 



Throughout the area there is considerable windfall, in the 

 hemlock type especially, more than in the cedar or fir types. 

 There is a good deal of windfall in hemlock, fir, and cedar, 

 with some Amabilis fir, — much of this has been quite recent. 

 On certain places in this type on the Trapper Creek drainage, 

 there are patches of windfall, where several trees have been wind 

 thrown and have carried down with them all the trees on a strip 

 of from five to six chains in length, and two or three chains wide. 

 The trees thus recently thrown have in general well developed 

 crowns, and except for some which have been carried down by 

 the others, have been taller than those surrounding them. Most 

 of these have been located on the flats, but windfall occurs 

 scattered throughout the type on dififerent situations and topo- 

 graphy. By volume, and also by number of trees the cedar alone 

 shows 12 per cent in windfall. 



In the fir and cedar types there is not proportionally as great 

 an amount of hemlock windfall. The conditions regarding wind- 

 fall are much similar in these two types. Especially in the larger 

 diameters of the fir, trees with tall straight boles and good-sized 

 crowns have been wind thrown. Usually several trees in a group 

 will go down, apparently the one opening up the crown cover and 

 at the same time weakening the hold of the adjoining root system 

 on the soil of neighboring trees. In some places, large trees 



