Hardwood Planting, California 347 



were as follows : Cuttings of Russian Golden willow ; Norway 

 poplar. Seedlings of White ash; Box elder; Silver maple; White 

 elm ; Hardy catalpa ; Osage orange ; Russian mulberry ; Norway 

 maple ; hackberry ; beech ; basswood ; Black walnut ; White birch ; 

 Horse-chestnut ; butternut ; sycamore ; alder ; larch. 



Box elder, White ash, White elm and Silver maple showed up 

 remarkably well at the time of the examination in the spring of 

 1914. These species averaged 4 to 6 feet in height, while Box 

 elder in some cases were over 10 feet high. Hackberry and Nor- 

 way maple did fairly well, but most of the other species were a 

 failure. Black walnut, Hardy catalpa, Osage orange, Horse 

 chestnut and butternut suffered from frost, in most cases being 

 killed outright, while in a few instances the terminal was killed 

 and new shoots came out the following spring. The damage 

 from frost is specially great at the elevations at which these 

 trees were planted and it is probable that they would sustain no 

 injury from this source at lower elevations in the valley. 



The willow cuttings did poorly and grew in the form of shrubs, 

 but the Norway poplar cuttings made exceptional growth and 

 many of the trees are over 10 feet in height. 



While planting timber for commercial purposes will probably 

 here not be conducted on a large scale, still it is certain that many 

 groves will be established for the combined purpose of protection 

 against wind and the production of fuel, fence posts and repair 

 material. 



The species recommended for planting in this region for dif- 

 ferent uses are as follows: fuel: White willow; cottonwood; 

 Black locust. Fence Posts: Black locust; Russian mulberry; 

 Green ash ; Honey locust. Farm Repairs: Green ash ; Black 

 locust ; Honey locust. Lumber: Black walnut ; cottonwood. 



Black locust is undoubtedly the most suitable for woodlot pur- 

 poses in Owens Valley and will probably bring the largest re- 

 turns. Honey locust is also a desirable woodlot tree, but the main 

 objection to it is the clusters of large thorns. This tree, however, 

 is more drought and frost resistant than Black locust. 



Green ash is not a very rapid grower but it is a very hardy tree 

 and is well adapted to drp situations and is only slightly inferior 

 to White ash. 



Russian mulberry is fairly drought resistant and it makes a 

 vigorous and rapid growth. 



