348 Forestry Quarterly 



Black walnut will probably succeed in the valley, but should 

 first be experimented with on a small scale. It does not grow as 

 rapidly as some of the other species but makes excellent lumber. 



The rapid growth of both White willow and cotton wood make 

 them commercially profitable when planted in wet situations. 

 The growth of both species is very rapid but the yield of cotton- 

 wood is greater than that of willow. 



It is probable that catalpa can be grown successfully in the 

 valley, but there is danger that it may be killed by frosts. Because 

 of its rapid growth and the durability of the wood, Hardy ca- 

 talpa is an exceedingly valuable tree, and it should be tried out on 

 some of the better soils in the valley at lower elevations. 



Windstorms are quite severe in the spring and a shelter of some 

 kind is very essential. Windbreaks serve as a great protection to 

 both orchards and fields and they add greatly to the comforts of 

 the farm. 



The species recommended for protection purposes in this 

 locality are : Cottonwood ; Lombardy poplar ; Silver maple ; 

 White willow; Russian mulberry; Box elder; Honey locust; 

 Blue spruce ; Scotch pine ; Austrian pine. For ornamental pur- 

 poses the following species are recommended : White elm ; 

 White ash ; American linden ; Norway maple ; Sugar maple ; 

 Hackberry ; Black locust ; Honey locust ; Blue spruce ; European 

 larch. 



Establishment and Care of Plantation. — Certain species, like 

 Cottonwood and willow, can be successfully propagated by cut- 

 lings, but the majority of hardwoods must be established by 

 seeds or seedlings. Ordinarily, one-year-old seedlings are most 

 suitable. 



The best time to plant in this region is in early spring. To get 

 the best results the ground should be put into a state of thorough 

 cultivation before planting. Ground with sod should be plowed 

 and disked the year before the planting is done and then disked 

 and harrowed in the spring. 



Ordinarily, the best results are obtained when trees are planted 

 in pure stands, and whenever mixtures are advisable they should 

 consist of only a few species. Mixtures are to be recommended 

 when dealing with intolerant species. When such trees are set 

 out in pure stands they must be spaced so closely that they inter- 

 fere with each others' growth or otherwise grasses and weeds 



