THE CONIFEEOUS PLANTS OF ITALY. 



121 



and on rocks, but best on the latter ; its upper limit is 2000 ffiet 

 at the outside (the Somma between Terni and Spoleto). 



This plant belongs to the flora of the Mediterranean ; it is 

 first found in the south of France (Frejus, Toulon), according to 

 De Candolle and Loiseleur ; Mont-Ventoux (Martins), then in 

 the islands and on the continent of Dalniatia ( Visiani), in Greece 

 (Sibthorp, Hawkins, Chaubard), in Syria (Loudon), in the north 

 of Africa (Desfontaines), and in Spain (Cook). 



8. PiNUS Brutia. Tenore. 



The Calabrian Pine approaches, rather too near perhaps, P. 

 Halepensis ; but it differs from it in these respects : its cones are 

 nearly sessile, the tops of their scales rough, and its leaves are 

 longer than those of P. Halepensis. 



It grows, according to Tenore, in Calabria, especially on the 

 Aspromonte, at a height varying from 2400 to 3600 feet. I 

 have specimens from Aspromonte, for which I am indebted to 

 Giordano, and others from the botanic garden at Naples, grown 

 from seeds brouglit from Calabria. 



It is not yet known with any certainty whether this tree is 

 found out of Italy or not.* 



9. Pixcs Cembra. Linn. 



This tree is found in the high regions of the Alps, from the 

 Tyrol to Mont Cenis, but scattered (Maloggia, Yal Engadina, 

 Spliigen, Mont Cenis), between 4000 and 6500 feet. 



It is also found on the northern slope of the Alps, from Austria 

 to Savoy and Dauphine. It occurs also in the Carpathian moun- 

 tains (Wahlenberg) and on the Altai (Ledebour). It is doubt- 

 ful, in my opinion, if the Cembra which is found in eastern 

 Siberia is different from the present one. 



II.— ABIES. 

 1. Abies excelsa. D. C. 

 The Spruce Fir is very common, and forms forests on the Alps 

 from east to west (Kanus, Saifnita, Tagliamento, Piave, Baldo, 

 Dorso d'Abramo, Stilfserjoch, Legnone, Valtelina, Bregaglia, 

 Spliigen, St. Gothard, Simplon, Mont-Cenis, and, according to 

 Martins, on the nortliern slope of Mont-Ventoux). It is prin- 

 cipally found at a heiglit varying from 4000 to 6500 feet ; it 

 sometimes occurs as high as 7000 (Stilfserjoch). but it is then 

 dwarf; it has, on the other hand, been found a>; low as 1000 feet 

 (Tolmezzo). It is found on the Euganean hills (Rua, 1200 feet), 



* Webb has marked it with a ? as growing near Cadiz. 



