76 forestry Quarterly. 



The results so far have been fully as good as could have been secured 

 through selling by any other method." 



Stumpage values are: cordwood, $.30 to $1.50 per cord; No. i ties, 

 $.30 to $.45 ; 30 and 35 foot poles, $1.00 to $2.25 per pole ; hardwood lum- 

 ber, $4.00 to $10.00 per M. bd. ft. ; hemlock $3.00 to $5.00 per M. bd. ft. 



The annual growth per acre per year is: hardwoods (chestnut and 

 oak), 0.3 to i.o cords; hemlock, .25 to 0.8 cords; white pine, 0.4 to i.o 

 cords. 



"One (chemical) extinguisher or pump to every fifty acres of planta- 

 tion would be good economy" in protecting from fire. 



"Except in rare cases the brush and tops will be left as they lie after 

 cutting. It is considered unnecessary to dispose of them as an aid in pro- 

 tection, because the chief hre danger comes from the hardwood leaves 

 spread in a comparatively uniform layer over the ground. A fire will 

 start and spread readily in leaves, and tops only add to the intensity of the 

 fire. Hardwood tops inside of two years partially decay and absorb so 

 much moisture that they burn with difficulty. The brush should be piled 

 and burned on clear cut areas which are to be immediately planted." 



Most of the planting is with white and red pines. (It is good to see 

 that this tract was not reached by the Scotch pine fad, which for a time, 

 in some sections, seemed likely to rival the catalpa mania in extending these 

 species beyond their legitimate sites.) Poor planting sites are avoided 

 until the best sites are planted — let more of us remember this. Three- 

 year-old, once transplanted stock is ordinarily used. Spacing is 6 x 6 feet. 

 The total cost of the transplants, grown in the company's nursery, "was 

 $3.80 per thousand or $4.60 per acre of plantation." Planting "cost $7.20 

 per acre, thus making the total cost of the plantation $11.80 per acre." 

 "Fail places in the plantations made the preceding year should be filled 

 each year if the loss exceeds 25 per cent., or in case of a smaller loss 

 if in the form of a few relatively large patches instead of being scattered 

 uniformly. 



"Certain stands in the old field and hardwood types are suffering from 

 the grazing of cattle. In nearly all of these cases the land is owned by 

 the Company but subject to the life use or use for a period of years by 

 the former owner." (Avoid rights and servitudes whenever possible!). 



"Stands (of hardwoods) younger than fifty years rarely yield enough 

 merchantable timber to be considered mature. The site must be quality I 

 and the stand contain a large percentage of chestnut to be merchantable 

 before the fiftieth year." 



The classification of forest types is based exclusively on present con- 

 dition, without regard to what the area is capable of producing. The 

 types are hardwood, hemlock (80 per cent, or more of hemlock, as judged 

 by the crown space occupied), pine (80 per cent, or more of pine), old 

 field, agricultural, administrative, and barren. Old field type automati- 

 cally becomes pine type as soon as it is planted. There is a wide varia- 

 tion in the composition of the hardwood type. All hardwood stands, 

 except gray birch, are grouped together as the hardwood type, regard- 

 less of whether the dominant genus is chestnut, oak or maple. 



"Boundaries of compartments are usually ridges, streams or public roads 

 and are easily recognizable. Compartment divisions are permanent. A 

 compartment may contain a number of different forest types and age 

 classes. There are in all fifty-one compartments, ranging in size from 

 less than 50 to over 400 acres. Each compartment is divided into as many 

 sub-compartments as it has individual stands, that is, portions of the 

 forest differing in age or type. A single sub-compartment contains only 

 one type and only one age class, and serves as the smallest unit considered. 

 There are few sub-compartments of less than an acre, while the largest 

 contain about a hundred acres. Sub-compartment boundaries are often 

 not marked on the ground, being distinguishable as lines of difference be- 

 tween types and age classes. These boundaries are subject to change 



