Periodical Literature. 121 



this inspection and of how more ma jorum, the celebration-dinner 

 ended in one local nobleman and the parish pastor becoming com- 

 pletely inebriated. 



These forests were then and are still, comprised almost wholl}- 

 of hardwoods. The need of wood for fuel and of larger sizes 

 for construction timber (oak), naturally led to a system of Cop- 

 pice with Standards. Though a sustained yield was not always 

 possible owing to the exigencies of frequent war-times, the stands 

 seldom suffered for want of intelligent care. Always' there was 

 the realization of what was needed to improve existing conditions 

 in the forest, and the striving for this ideal. 



From the administrative standpoint the Leipziger forests are 

 most instructive. The monasteries called the forests' silva or 

 mirica or, if coppice, rubetum and virgultum. The forestarius 

 (hence our forester and the German forster) had charge not only 

 of the sik'a but of all that was foris with respect to the monas- 

 tery, including ponds, meadows, etc. The title of forestarius or 

 Forster was continued under the city administration. One of 

 the Forster became in the i6th Century an Oberforster (present 

 title of all German supervisors) and, because of this headship, 

 was made mounted with all that this signified in improved social 

 standing. 



Regulation of the yield was by area, the aim being to cut an 

 equal area annually. As early as 1538 this principle was an- 

 nounced. At first this area was merely determined in amount, 

 later, 1617, it was also distributed on the ground according to 

 the ages of the component stands. The resurvey of 1714-1716 

 resulted in a complete working plan based on area with a 20 year 

 rotation for the coppice. 



Regeneration of the stand was by natural means. Gradually 

 the coppice began to deteriorate and, in 1726,, first mention is 

 made of artificial restocking of fail places and of unthrifty 

 stands. But not till fifty years later was anything really accom- 

 plished in the way of planting. 



In 1804 a new working plan was' prepared which marks the 

 beginning of a new epoch in forest management. The author, 

 however, ends his essay with the close of the old order or about 

 the time of the battle of Leipzig, too years ago. 



"Ztir Geschichtc der IValduiiaen der Stadt Leipzig." Allgemeine Forst- 

 und Jagdzeitung, November, 1913, pp. 36^-372. 



