i88 Forestry Quarterly. 



covering a distance of about 90 miles. This time was required 

 to break jams, keep the ties moving, place stranded ties in the 

 stream, take out dead heads and remove boulders loosened by 

 the ties. 



About 6,000 ties became stranded and water-logged but will 

 be picked up next year. A like number of last year's ties were 

 picked up in their place. The following data is based on a drive 

 of 30,000 ties, as the company considers this an average economi- 

 cal drive. ' Approximately 3,000 ties were broken in the jams 

 and by dynamiting. It is believed that these ties cost the com- 

 pany $0.28 each at the time they were broken, making a total 

 cost of about $840.00. During the drive damages caused to 

 ditches and land adjacent to the rivers, for which the company 

 is held responsible, amount to about $600.00. 



The cost of driving may be summarized as follows : 



Clearing river $4,000 . 00 



10 Americans @ $3.00 per day, 80 days, 2,400.00 



65 Mexicans @ $1.75 per day, 80 days, 7,700.00 



Board, 50 men @ $0.50 per day, 80 days, 2,200.00 



3,000 broken ties @ $0.28, 840.00 



Damages, 600. 00 



Dynamite and pike poles 100 . 00 



Camp equipment, 250 . 00 



Total, $17,890.00 



This makes the average cost of driving $0.06 per tie. 



Booming. The boom is about 800 feet long and is composed 

 of 92 thirty-foot yellow pine logs from 18 to 30 inches in 

 diameter, with an average diameter of about 22 inches. In the 

 case of small logs they are often placed two deep. Two logs 

 are fastened side by side with pieces of cull ties. Often cull 

 ties are spiked on top of the logs. The pairs of logs are fastened 

 together, end to end, about 18 inches apart with large chains passed 

 through the ends of the logs. The logs were hauled by wagon 

 a distance of 10 to 15 miles at a cost of $2.00 per log. The 

 boom is taken out of the river every summer at the close of the 

 loading operations. With such care the boom is replaced about 

 every six years. 



