Reforesting Cut-Over Chestnut Lands. 209 



self for this purpose. But the White Pine has been largely 

 planted for ornament in the neighborhood, and in practically 

 every instance the leader has been destroyed by the weevil, so 

 that the planting of White Pine for forest purposes would not, in 

 all probability, prove successful. Scotch and Austrian Pine are 

 both good species, being of rapid growth and suitable for plant- 

 ing on poor sites, but it has been found that they are not to be 

 wholly relied upon in this country for producing the best results 

 under forest conditions. The native Red of Norway Pine seems 

 to be much more suitable. This tree ranges naturally as far 

 South as Pennsylvania and should be excellent for planting in 

 Northern New Jersey. It is entirely immune from the weevil, 

 grows at approximately the same rate as the White Pine and is 

 well able to thrive upon a poor site. Although the wood is not 

 quite as good for commercial purposes as that of the White Pine, 

 it will make satisfactory lumber for many uses and taking every- 

 thing into account, the Red Pine seems to be the logical tree to 

 substitute for the fast disappearing chestnut. 



In dealing with the planting of Pine on these cutover lands, it 

 should be remembered that for the most part, these areas have 

 been cut clear, the few scattered oaks or clumps of oaks in no 

 way being adequate for the distribution of seed, either in distribu- 

 tion over the areas or in production for distribution. This being 

 the case, artificial regeneration in some form is the only solution 

 to the problem. 



The plan of procedure in changing to the Red Pine Type, sug- 

 gested above, is to plant the pine at intervals of six feet — as nearly 

 as possible — on the cut-over lands, disregarding the presence of 

 chestnut or other stumps, as far as possible. For the first two 

 years or so the sprouts of the chestnut will cover the pine, but 

 within four years the blight will have killed the greater part of 

 these sprouts and with their death, and the resulting opening up 

 of the young stand, the pine will receive more light with a cor- 

 responding stimulation of growth. The two or three years partial 

 shading will not seriously injure the young pine, but will keep the 

 forest floor in good condition. In dealing with the reproduction 

 of the other species, which for the most part are undesirable, 

 cleanings can be made as it becomes necessary to allow the pine 

 to come up, but after a few years its' rapid growth will enable it to 

 compete with the native hardwoods. On the Lower Slope Sub- 



