270 Forestry Quarterly. 



southwest Germany is the method of soil preparation employed 

 to secure natural regeneration. The forest now has the following 

 composition: Fir, 63%; Spruce, 14% ; Pine, 17% ; Hardwoods, 

 60%, (mostly beech). The problem is to secure natural regener- 

 ation of the desirable softwoods without opening up the stand 

 too much, drying out the soil and encouraging weed growth. 

 Still the thinning must be severe enough to afford the relatively 

 intolerant spruce and pine an advantage over the tolerant beech 

 and fir. Good results have been obtained over 280 acres in the 

 period 1907-1913 by digging up the ground to a depth of 15 

 inches in spots about 2 feet square. The moss and weeds are en- 

 tirely removed in these spots and the mineral soil thereby ex- 

 posed. Success was attained over 93% of the area regenerated in 

 the period from 1905-1913. 



Another interesting point in the management of this forest is 

 the recent reduction of the rotation from 120 to 100 years. This 

 has resulted in an increased total yield with a smaller percent- 

 age of thinnings. The present yield is about 10 cu. ft. per acre, 

 25% of which comes from thinnings. 



At this time the distribution of age classes is as follows : 



K. W. W. 



Bericht iibcr den Waldbaukurs in Langenbrand im Sept., 1913. Forst- 

 wissenschaftliches Centralblatt, February, 1914, pp. 87-97. 



The author, S. Okliabin, describes the 



Interception results of his observations conducted at 



Crowns one of the forest experiment stations in 



In Russia (in the province of Samara) upon 



Pine Forest. the amount of precipitation that penetrates 



through the crowns of a pine forest from 



80 to 100 years old and having a density of from 0.6 to 0.7. 



Twelve rain gauges were installed on an area of about 1,000 



square meters under the crowns of the trees and in the spaces 



between the tree crowns. In addition to these rain gauges there 



