Periodical Literature. 271 



were three other rain gauges, of which one was placed under the 

 crowns of the trees on a tower, another in a small opening, and 

 a third under the crowns. Measurements of rainfall by means 

 of all these rain gauges were carried on from December 15, 1904, 

 until October i, 1909. 



The most essential results obtained by the author are as fol- 

 lows : 



(i) Precipitation in the form of rain is intercepted by the 

 crowns of trees to a larger extent than in the form of snow. In 

 the case of rain the average amount intercepted is 28 per cent., 

 in the case of snow 12 per cent. 



(2) The lighter the precipitation the more of it remains on 

 the crowns. Thus the amount intercepted, on an average, in 

 the case of rains from o.i to 1.9 mm is 41 per cent ; 2.1 to 4. 9 mm 

 is 36 per cent; 5.0 to 9.9 mm is 19 per cent. 



In the case of snowfall a similar dependence is observed, but 

 it is less pronounced, since the snow intercepted by the branches 

 is gradually blown down into the rain gauges. 



R. Z. 



Lesnoy Journal, 1913, No. 5- 



Water Lost In order to establish a relation between 



by the evaporation that takes place from an 



Pine Trees evaporometer and the loss of water by a 



and three-year-old Scotch pine, parallel obser- 



Evaporometers. vations were conducted by A. P. Tolsky 

 during the summer of 191 1 at the Forest 

 Experiment Station in the Province of Samara, at 7 a. m., i p. m. 

 and 9 p. m. The pine was planted the year before in a zinc 

 vessel with soil. The loss of water was determined by weigh- 

 ing. The amount of water lost was replenished by means of a 

 tube that reached through the lid covering the vessel to the bot- 

 tom. The lid closed the vessel hermetically and had in addition 

 to the opening through which the tube was inserted only one 

 other opening for the stem of the pine. By watering, the level 

 of the water in the soil was- maintained at the same level through- 

 out the entire experiment. From the results of these observations 

 the author came to the conclusion that the loss of water by pine : 

 (i) Depends, just as in the case of the evaporometer, upon the 

 temperature, solar radiation, humidity of the air, and the velocity 



