Progress of the U. S. Forest Service. 405 



3. Improvements in handling stock. 



4. Better distribution of stock. 



5. Gradual substitution of shipping by railroad for trailing. 



Some of the notable things which indirectly contribute to the 

 success of the present grazing policy of the Forest Service 

 include: — 



1. Protection against disease. 



2. Protection against wild animals. 



3. Prairie dog extermination. 



4. Protection against poisonous plants. 



5. Co-operation of Forest Service with live-stock associations. 



Water-power Development. 



In spite of the fact that the regulations make it impossible to 

 grant permits for a term of years, power development on the 

 National Forests is rapidly increasing. It is estimated that at 

 least 12,000,000 horse power can be developed on the National 

 Forests from natural stream flow. This can of course be greatly 

 increased by storage reservoirs. To again quote Mr. Graves, 

 "The purpose of the administration of the water power sites on 

 the National Forests is to encourage power development in every 

 way possible, while safeguarding the interests of the using public." 



Since water-power development in the National Forests has 

 aroused so much discussion recently, it may be well to summarize 

 the main features of the Forest Service policy with respect to 

 this development: — 



1. The speculative holding of the power sites is prevented. 



2. Provision is made for complete and prompt development 

 together with continuous operation. 



3. A return is secured for the power site privilege. 



4. Permittees are required to abide by certain regulations. 



5. The capitalization of the value of the privileges conferred by 

 the permit is prohibited. 



6. Sufficient power is retained by the Forest Service so that the 

 placing of unjust burden on the consuming public is prevented. 



Permanent Improvements. 

 The chief improvements carried on by the Forest Service on 



