466 Forestry Quarterly. 



In the barren land of Herzegovina, ef- 

 Forestry forts for some years have been directed 



in the to reforestation, in order to save the 



Balkans. country from becoming a desert. The 



Venetians and Romans once drew supplies 

 of timber from that region, but now there is little left. In many 

 places bare mountains of stone occupy regions of former forests ; 

 but the people are planting trees and trying to make them grow. 

 One of the common methods is to blast holes for the trees with 

 dynamite and carry soil to fill the pit. Some places have be- 

 come covered with green vegetation in two years. No grazing 

 is permitted at first on newly planted mountain slopes. Sheep 

 are the first animals to be admitted to these new pastures, the 

 year following cattle are admitted, and finally goats when the 

 shrubbery is high enough to care for itself. Parallel plots of 

 these reserves are laid out over the province, so that when one 

 plot is entirely reserved, the next plot is open to sheep, the third 

 has sheep and cattle, and in the fourth, sheep, cattle and goats 

 graze together. 



Very strict forestry laws exist and violations are subject to 

 imprisonment. Instead of jailing the men, however, they are 

 used for forest work. 



Hardwood Record. 



The great forest of the Amazon basin is 



South 1 1 GO miles long east and west by 750 miles 



American north and south, an area of nearly a mil- 



Forests. lion square miles. The woods are tropical 



species ; among which there are none that 



are suitable for construction purposes. Very little cutting has 



been done and that for the common woods of commerce, cedar, 



mahogany, rosewood, lignum-vitae. fustic and ironwood, and 



these cuttings extend only a few miles back from the coast, and 



the principal ports and rivers. Railroads charge exorbitant rates'. 



There are no solid stands of single species, but instead there are 



hundreds of species growing thoroughly mixed and scattered. 



The wood of most species is so hard that a narrow-bitted ax 



specially formed is used. 



American Lumberman, 1913. 



