Periodical Literature. 469 



in private hands, badly used and should be declared protection 

 forest, and pasturing should be prohibited ; in some districts na- 

 tural regeneration will be successful, in others, planting is neces- 

 sary. 



Das V Heft des Lesnoj Journal, May, 1913. Zeitschrift fiir Forstm. 

 Jagdwesen. Jan., 1914, pp. ci-58. 



SILVICULTURE, PROTECTION AND EXTENSION. 



Natural In a thoughtful article, Forstmeister 



Regeneration. Lieber develops his ideas on natural re- 



generation, which he summarizes in the 

 following rational prescriptions : 



1. Preparation of stands for natural regeneration must be be- 

 gun in early youth by means of thinnings in such a manner that a 

 special preparatory felling is not required and so that richer or 

 poorer seed years find a larger part of the stands ready for the 

 reception of seed. 



2. The decision whether regeneration is to be begun depends 

 on whether sufficient desirable volunteer growth is at hand; and its' 

 development dictates the progress of fellings. 



3. The fellings are to be conducted not only with reference to 

 the needs of the young growth but with regard to the best utili- 

 zation of the old growth. Both considerations have equal rights ; 

 the "ripeness"' of the trees to be removed must be determined. 



4. Keeping foremost in mind the object of the management to 

 secure highest yield the desire to form a certain stand in form 

 and kind must be kept in the background. Change in species and 

 form one must not fear because of a preconceived plan. 



5. It is equally justifiable to finish the regeneration in a short 

 time as to extend it over a long time as considerations sub 3 in- 

 dicate. The transition to a selection form or to the real selection 

 forest may in some places satisfy the needs. 



6. Consideration of yield regulation must not deter the choice 

 of a method of silviculture which is difficult to regulate if better 

 yields can thereby be secured. Yield regulation is a servant of 



