524 Forestry Quarterly 



thinnings by a study of the development of thinnings in the 

 Municipal Forest of Heidelberg, Germany. 



Average Annual Yield of 

 Years. Thinnings per Acre 



{Cubic Feet). 



1837-1846 4.2 



1847-1850 0. 35 



1851-1860 8. 82 



1861-1870 6. 86 



1871-1880 7. 28 



1881-1890 13. 16 



1891-1898 24. 36 



1898-1900 34. 72 



1901-1909 44.94 



A forester who is required to make extensive thinnings, clean- 

 ings, damage cutting, cannot handle as large an area as he could 

 if such operations were absent. In regions with a dense popula- 

 tion one finds greater demands for small material, especially fuel- 

 wood, which is absent in sparsely settled regions. The sale of 

 small material and of small lots as well as the filling of special 

 and small orders complicates the work of a forester. The satis- 

 fying of a local market tends to reduce the area of a forest. The 

 degree or extent to which a forester refines his production before 

 he sells them will help determine the area which he can handle 

 properly. He may sell the material upon the stump, or he may 

 fell it and cut it into logs, poles, posts, ties, cords, etc., and then 

 sell it, or he may refine it still further by running it through the 

 sawmill, and then dispose of it. 



4. Number of Trained Men Available. 



During the formative period of any art or business the number 

 of technically trained men able to handle it is usually very small. 

 Forestry was no exception to this. In response to a constant de- 

 mand for trained foresters many forestry schools have sprung 

 up. In 1898 the first forest school in the United States was es- 

 tablished at Biltmore, North Carolina. In the same year a second 

 one was established at Cornell University. To-day 24 forest 

 schools prepare men for the practice of forestry as a profession 

 and 50 more given general or special instruction in forestry. On 

 January 1, 1908, the State of Pennsylvania owned 752,492 acres 

 of forest land. At that time only 10 men, trained especially for 

 the position of forester upon the area, were available with an 



