618 Forestry Quarterly 



12 to 20 per acre as seed trees, burning over the surface after 

 logging; but, if natural regeneration fails, the area is immediately 

 planted. Or else the area is rented for rye fields to farmers for 

 about 5 years, during which time it must be fenced, and after the 

 first season it is sown with tree seed, pine and spruce in the original 

 proportion. When the pine is about 20 feet high the trees which 

 are expected to form the dominant stand are pnmed of dry 

 branches at a cost of 3 ore, or .81 of a cent. 



Such stands at 100 years have an average height of 85 feet, 330 

 trees to the acre and 7,680 cubic feet, with an increment of 138 

 cubic feet, less than 2%, the diameter having grown at about 

 1 inch in 10 years. The site of these stands is .6 to .8, Swedish sites 

 being expressed in fractions of the best site 1, the poorest site 

 being .2. 



Sawlogs here must be at least 6 inch at small end in lengths of 

 14 to 22 feet, woodchoppers' wages being 48 cents per 100 cubic 

 feet. While the price f.o.b. of logs is about $3 (less than $4 per M 

 feet B.M.), Railroad ties (red heart) bring 25% more, the tie 

 costing about 50 cents; pulpwood about 25% less. 



In a forest in northern Sweden (63° lat.) the influence of climate 

 on growth is exhibited by the open stand and the conical crown 

 form of all conifers, raw humus formation and frequent swamps. 

 Here the spruce does not thrive, the pine becoming entirely pre- 

 dominant. Fire had often visited these forest areas, giving rise 

 to good regeneration. At an age of 125 to 160 years on the best 

 sites, the stands contain rarely over 80 pines to the acre, say 80 

 feet in height, 12 inch diameter (1 inch in 12 years), and 8,000 feet 

 to the acre; the spruce having then attained only 6 to 8 inch. 



Regeneration is secured by planting, for the old trees give rarely 

 good seed; although sometimes natural regeneration is successful. 



Sweden has taken the lead in trying to secure acceptable pine 

 seed, which has taken the form of forbidding the use of German 

 seed on State forests entirely and to impose a heavy tariff on im- 

 ported seed so as to make importation undesirable ; hence seed 

 collecting on own account is the rule. Since seed years in pine 

 are rare, this is a bad handicap; the price in 1913 going to over 

 $1.25 per pound. Storing the seed in large glass balloons of 

 80-90 lb. capacity, closed, airtight, preserves germination well, 

 losing only 1 per cent, a year. A description of several seed- 

 extracting establishments is given. The yield is from .6 to .8 kg 

 per 1 hi, or 3^ to ^ lb. per bushel. 



