Periodical Literature 625 



desirable to designate such soils. There is no need for many 

 chemical analyses which have only problematical value, except 

 the knowledge of lime and humus contents which should be noted 

 on the maps. Moor or peaty soils should be classified, as their 

 value varies much. On one of the parallel maps the manner of 

 present use, tree species, etc., might be usefully noted. 



Even though the direct, practical use of such maps by farmers 

 may only be rarely secured, this could be increased by developing 

 rules of soil preparation, fertilization, crop sequence, drainage, etc., 

 to accompany the map. 



The teaching of soil knowledge in professional schools, the author 

 contends, shoiild not be left to geologists but to instructors in 

 plant production who appreciate the interrelation between soil 

 and plant. 



Bodenkartierung und bodenkundlicher Unterrichi. Centralblatt fiir das 

 gesammte Forstwesen, March and April, 1914, pp. 81-97. 



SILVICULTURE, PROTECTION AND EXTENSION 



The problem of converting the forests of 



Conversion beech and oak from the coppice-with- 



into standards form into high forests has engaged 



High Forest the attention of French foresters for a long 



time. The earlier methods were either to 



clear out and plant, or else fell the coppice and leave the standards 



for natural regeneration. Both methods were failures on account 



of suppression of the young groui:h by the new coppice shoots. 



The conversion is now generally accomplished by first dividing 

 the whole area into periodic blocks, say 4 blocks for a rotation of 

 120 years. The first block is left untouched for 30 years to allow 

 the coppice shoots to grow up and kill each other out to some 

 extent, and the shoots to become exhausted. Coppicing is con- 

 tinued as usual over the remainder of the forest. At the end of 

 the 30 years, regeneration fellings are begun. A series of fellings 

 gradually opens up the crown cover, the best of the coppice shoots 

 and standards being kept as seed trees. The removal being 

 largely confined to the smaller trees, the story of the cover is raised. 

 Thus, during the second period of 30 years, while the second block 

 is lying untouched, the regeneration of the first block is accom- 

 plished, either by natural or artificial means or by both. The 



