636 Forestry Quarterly 



diminishing yield of coppice is to some extent offset by the increas- 

 ing yield of improvement thinnings. 



In the Jura and Vosges much underplanting or sowing with 

 conifers (chiefly Silver fir) is carried out during the conversion. 

 (See also F. Q., vol. VI, p. 151) 



J. H. W. 



The Conversion of Coppice-with-Standards into High Forest in France. 

 Quarterly Journal of Forestry, July, 1914, pp. 208-12. 



Since the year 1913 was a "fail" year 



Supply of for the seed of Scotch pine throughout 



Pine Seed Germany, it was natural that the question 



for Germany of a permanent supply of native-grown seed 



should receive a great deal of attention at 



the Forest Congress at Trier that stmmier. The main difficulty 



is that the commercial seed concerns have been offering for sale 



mainly seed from Southern France and Southern Hungary which 



can be collected more cheaply. Naturally, however, this has led 



to deterioration of planting material since seed of exotic origin is 



not suitable for German conditions. 



The supply of native-grown seed has been decreasing steadily 

 for the last seven years and the price has jimiped. For example, 

 in 1906 native seed was quoted at four-and-a-half marks per kilo- 

 gram while in 1913 the price was twenty-one and seven-tenths 

 marks per kilogram, an increase of nearly 500% in seven years. 

 This has not been due to poor crops in Germany because statistics 

 show that since 1890 there have been only three fail years, viz — 

 1896-1897, 1901-1902, 1913-1914, or three in a period of twenty- 

 four years. 



The total demand for German grown pine seed has been esti- 

 mated to be one hundred twenty thousand kilograms annually. 

 In 1913 the dealers were able to supply less than 1% of this de- 

 mand from home-grown material. 



The disadvantages that arise from this lack of good seed are 

 many. Cutting must often be delayed and the whole plan of 

 forest management deranged. The only remedies are State 

 oversight of private firms or the collection of seed by the State. 

 The problem affects mainly the private forest owners since the 

 State Governments generally collect their own seed. However, 

 it seems inadvisable for the state to attempt to supply enough 



