4 Forestry Quarterly 



The following is evident: Beech ruled the situation. Well 

 rounded values were chosen for site I, this choice was arbitrary 

 within limits. The intervals were made on well rounded values 

 and in a rather regularly decreasing series, as follows : 



For Pine: 150, 130, 120, 100 cubic meters. 



For Spruce: 200, 180, 170, 150 cubic meters. 



Numerous, reliable tables based on careful measurements of 

 well stocked and properly cared for stands served as skeleton in 

 this classification. 



Particularly interesting in this matter are : 



Arbitrarily rounded values; regular decreasing intervals; un- 

 qualified use of the volume of the main stand at the age of 100 

 years ; the fact that spruce and fir were not separated, so that trees 

 with similar habits of growth are combined in the German classi- 

 fication. 



That these standards would not replace local standards was 

 clear from the outset. That they do not quite satisfy even for 

 general comparison for all Germany is admitted today. 



These standards were hardly expected to need modification with 

 changes in silvicultural methods and consequent changes in 

 normal or accepted yield tables. 



Least of all, did it seem necessary to abandon the volume as 

 basis, though it was well known and quite generally admitted long 

 before 1888 that the volume of the main stand at 100 years was 

 influenced by treatment, thinnings, etc., and that the height was 

 a valuable criterion of site and that it was largely independent of 

 methods of management and even of accident. 



Since 1888, the Forest Experiment Stations have continued the 

 study of growth and have improved the yield tables. Professor 

 Schwappach, especially, has guided the work in North Germany, 

 and his tables are the normal or accepted tables. It is interesting 

 to see how far these tables adhere to the old standard of sites and 

 how far the workers have been obliged to introduce height as a 

 factor. The following table gives volimie in cubic meters per 

 hectare of the 100-year-old stand and the relative values, after 



Schwappach. p^-^g 5^^„ce Pine Spruce 



Site Cubic Meters Relative Values 



I 470 826 100 100 



II 398 683 85 82 



III 323 547 69 66 



IV 260 421 55 51 



V 203 299 43 36 



