78 Forestry Quarterly 



before the courts and argue them. They also have the right of 

 appeal. 



{Re: Examinations.) 



Forest employes can seize trespassing cattle, or work implements, 

 including wagons and teams. The only restriction upon their 

 activity in following up trespass cases is that they cannot enter 

 native houses, courts or enclosures unless in the presence of cer- 

 tain officials. This special ruling was made in order not to violate 

 the native hearth. They have the right of arrest in the case of 

 unknown natives who are caught in the act of trespass. 



According to Article 153: 



"Offences or trespasses against forest property shall be proved either by 

 reports, or by witnesses in default of reports, or in case these documents are 

 insufficient." 



The report of a European forest officer is accepted as evidence 

 unless it is proven incorrect. Forest employes can, moreover 

 issue all necessary stmimons, judicial notice of writs, without 

 formal subpoena, but this must be accompanied always by a copy 

 of the official report. On the whole, these laws are designed to 

 simplify and expedite legal action which is primarily taken against 

 the native population. 



Section II. Prosecutions for Misdemeanors and Ofences in Woods 

 not Under Forest Administration — Forest officers are required to 

 enquire into and report upon trespasses against private forest 

 property. They are assisted by the rural police and in general by 

 the officers of the judiciary police. Even trespass reports of 

 French guards privately hired are held as sufficient evidence of 

 trespass unless contrary proof is given, but reports of private 

 native guards are only considered as "information." 



Part IX. Penalties and Sentences Applicable to Woods and Forests 



in General 



{Re: Penalties.) 



Specific fines are provided for cutting down trees of whatever 

 size and, specifically, for cartloads, packloads, or faggotloads 

 carried by men. For example, a fine for a man carrying a faggot- 

 load is from 10 to 40 cents, and in addition, he can be sentenced 

 toamaximtmi of five days' imprisonment. The fine is increased 

 if committed in cork oak forests. The injury of trees and the 



