The Algerian Forest Code 79 



removal of bark from cork oak is specifically fined. In every case, 

 the fine is more severe upon repetition within a year. Grazing 

 trespass in forests over 10 years of age is fined 4 to 20 cents for a 

 hog, sheep or calf, 8 to 40 cents for a steer, cow, goat or horse, 

 20 cents to $1 for a camel. If the forest is less than 10 years old, 

 the fines are doubled. "In addition, the herder may be sentenced 

 to imprisonment for from 5 days to 6 months. In case of a repeti- 

 tion of the offence, or if it has been committed in the night, the 

 maximum fine shall be enforced." These specific grazing penalties 

 will be particvilarly interesting to forest officers in the western 

 United States where grazing trespass is particularly difficult to 

 assess, since the fine must be based primarily upon the value of 

 the forage destroyed, often an insignificant anount. Under these 

 circimistances, it is unfortunately true that occasionally a sheep 

 man will consider it good business to trespass and pay the costs. 

 A United States law against illegal grazing patterned after the 

 explicit Algerian code would certainly simpHfy settlement of 

 grazing trespass. Counterfeiting or tampering with brands is 

 punished by imprisonment of 3 months to 2 years. 



Where, in addition, there is civil award for damages, this can 

 never be less than the fine imposed by the court, but, according 

 to Article 182: "Private owners are entitled to restitution and 

 damages; fines and confiscations are always reserved for the 

 State." 



Part X. Execution of Judgments 



Section I. Judgments Concerning Midsemeanors and Offences in 

 Woods Under Forest Administration — ^According to Article 187: 

 "The recovery of forestry fines is entrusted to the General Tax 

 Collector." 



Forest officers can allow trespassers to settle civil payments and 

 costs by work on rural roads or in the forests. Even imprisonment 

 for debt is exercised under this law to a maximum period of one 

 year. 



Section II. Judgments Concerning Misdemeanors and Offences 

 Committed in Woods which are not Under Forest Administration — 

 Even in this case, "The recovery of fines shall be effected by the 

 General Tax Collector," and insolvent trespassers are allowed to 

 work out their fines by road work. 



