Periodical Literature 119 



In comparing the spacing of 3 feet and 5 feet, the wider 

 spacing is found to favor height, diameter and basal area devel- 

 opment, but from the age 27 to 31, the closer stand had the 

 larger increment. At first the wider spacing showed spreading 

 habit, but this has corrected itself satisfactorily. 



Plantations of pine varying from 4444 to 10,000 plants per 

 hectare at 34 years showed practically the same number of 

 plants; but the looks of the stands varied; the wider spaced 

 sliow irregular development, branchy, poor shaft form. 



In a specially good example of spacings at 1, 1.25, 1.50 meter 

 square, the closest spacing is most unfavorable, the widest spac- 

 ing shows greatest increment and diameter, but poor form, while 

 the middle spacing (4 feet) developed best height and basal 

 area and better form. 



Much more influence is found from spacing on poor sites 

 than on good sites, the greater plant number, i. e., the closer spac- 

 ing, being unfavorable, and especially reducing the height growth. 

 To secure close and in every way satisfactory polewood stands 

 by no means the large number of plants usually planted seems 

 necessary, 2400 to 4,000 giving the best result. Bunch planting 

 has no value. 



In spruce plantings the wider spacings, especially the 5-foot 

 ones are superior in every respect to closer ones, but by the 30th 

 year a thinning becomes necessary to permit sufficient crown 

 development. The wider spacing helps even the height develop- 

 ment. The general success of the wide spacing is specially 

 noticeable on better sites, different from pine. 



Curiously enough through a misunderstanding of American 

 nomenclature Pinus rigida, one of our poorest "Pitch pines" 

 was introduced in large quantity into Germany. It is now 

 found, that the more abundant leaf fall of P. rigida, the early 

 soil cover which it can afford, and the rapidity with which the 

 Scotch pine outgrows it, make it desirable in mixture, when it 

 shows a considerable increase in current increment as against 

 pure stands (basal area .714 sq. m. as against .480). 



An experiment to test snow-break danger shows that square 

 spacing which permits even crown development on all sides is 

 preferable to unequal spacing; also produces better increment. 

 A comparison between a dense plantation of spruce which needs 

 early thinning and an open plantation a la Schiflfel, namely 



