Periodical Literature 141 



The three typical examples show that the new formulae are 

 adapted for calculating rational soil values, stand values, normal 

 stock values, etc., for all forms of sustained yield forest, and 

 especially for selection and composite forest, especially giving 

 weight to the consideration that in stand values and normal stock 

 determinations costs can not be calculated, since they are already 

 charged in the soil value. 



Ein Beitrag zur Praxis der Waldwertrechnung. Centralblatt fur das 

 gesammte Forstwesen, January-February, 1915, pp. 1-15. 



UTILIZATION, MARKET AND TECHNOLOGY 



The costs that are listed below represent 

 Logging a part of a general study of the lumber 



Costs industry of the Pacific Northwest that is 



being made by the Departments of Agri- 

 culture and Commerce in cooperation with the lumbermen. The 

 figures do not include the cost of stumpage, interest of any kind, 

 discounts on logs sold, towage to mill, nor taxes on the standing 

 timber. Average haul is 23 miles. 



A VERA GE COST DELI VERING LOGS FROM TREE TO P UGET SO UND 



(Based on Figures from 20 Camps) 



Output {1913) and Investment 



Percent of total output (approximate) 75 



Average output per year per camp , 45,000,000"ft. B. M. 



Average output per day per camp 200,000 ft. B. M. 



Average fixed investment $140,000. 00 



Average working capital $35,000. 00 



Average labor cost per M board feet $3 . 09 



Cost per M feet, Log Scale 



Felling and bucking, labor $0. 683 



Woods to car, labor (yarding, loading, running line) 1 . 259 



Railroad (spur) and pole construction, labor . 586 



Train crews, labor 206 



Dumping and rafting (includes contract work) 211 



Supplies and maintenance (labor and materials) of R. R. dump and 



boom 177 



Supplies and maintenance (labor and materials) of equipment, tools, 



buildings, etc 307 



Fuel of logging engines, locomotives, shops, etc 239 



Wire rope 137 



Depreciation, equipment 240 



Depreciation, main line railroad grade, boom and buildings 066 



