142 Forestry Quarterly 



Scaling 049 



Return of boom sticks 046 



Log freight 882 



General expense: 



Salaries and commissions $ • 139 



Taxes 029 



Industrial insurance 096 



Sundry expenses 076 . 340 



Total average cost per M feet log scale $5 . 428 



O. L. S. 



West Coast Lumberman. July, 1915. 



Manufacturers who know admit that 

 Waste there is a waste of 30 to 35 per cent due to 



in improper methods of handling the lumber in 



Lumber drying. When not properly piled for air- 



Due to drying, the overhanging boards check, twist 



Drying and bend; stickers of uneven thickness and 



when not placed directly over each other, 

 cause twisting and bending. The lack of knowledge of proper 

 means for kiln-drying cause twisted, checked, warped and honey- 

 combed Itmiber. When this lumber reaches the saw the defects 

 removed as waste reach the large percentage mentioned above. 

 Most of this waste could be prevented by properly handling in the 

 yard. O- L. S. 



Hardwood Record, November, 1915. 



Excelsior is manufactured from any wood 

 Excelsior having a Hght colored, tough, straight fiber. 



Manufacture such as basswood, poplar, balsam, spruce 

 and Uses and willow. The greater quantity is made 



from basswood and poplar. The wood, cut 

 into four foot lengths and bark peeled off, is piled and allowed to 

 air season for about a year. Green or damp wood is unsatisfactory 

 because it clogs in the machine and is apt to mould when com- 

 pressed into bales. Air-seasoned is preferred to kiln-dried; the 

 latter is considered to be more brittle. Before going to the 

 machine it is cut into 16-inch pieces. 



Two types of machines are in use — the upright and the hori- 

 zontal. Both kinds are adjustable for different grades of excelsior 

 shavings and wood wool. The grades of excelsior shavings vary 

 from one-thirty-second to one-eighth of an inch wide by 



