348 Forestry Quarterly 



For these reasons the present practice is to log clean, taking 

 everything out in log lengths, and leaving only saplings under five 

 inches in diameter, tops and very defective trees and logs. Good 

 and poor logs go to the mill where they are sorted, those too 

 poor for the saw going to the wood-mill, where they are sawed 

 into 50 inch lengths and run through split-saws to reduce the 

 cross section to the required specifications. Slabs and edgings 

 from the sawmill are mixed with the product of the wood-mill 

 loaded on cars, and taken to the wood-yard for seasoning. 



The retort plant requires only a few highly skilled men, but 

 must be very carefully operated. The labor required aggre- 

 gates 90 men. 



Products of the plant run about as follows : per cord of wood 

 50 bushels of charcoal, 11 gallons of 83 per cent crude alcohol, 

 IGO pounds of acetate of lime. Under usual conditions there is 

 a ready sale of alcohol and acetate. Charcoal, on account of its 

 bulk, low value, and tendency to spontaneous combustion, is diffi- 

 cult to transport over long distances. Its principal use in whole- 

 sale quantities is in special iron furnaces, which are not often 

 available near the chemical plant. The cost of the distilling 

 operation is about $8.50 per cord. The value of the products has 

 recently fluctuated between $6 and $11 per cord. The use of the 

 chemical wood has just about doubled the total amount of 

 merchantable wood which can be economically removed from the 

 forest. 



The essentials for a successful chemical plant are: (1) saw- 

 mill located near the forest and having hardwood supply ade- 

 quate for 20 years at the rate of ten million feet per year, (2) 

 a large supply of running water, and (3) proximity to a char- 

 coal iron furnace. P. S. L. 



Canadian Lumberman and Woodworker, June, 1913. 



The Southern Pine Association has 



Grading adopted and published a set of grading 



of rules somewhat different from any here- 



Southern Pine tofore used. In this new classification all 



the southern pines are thrown into one 

 group which is separated into two grades. Species distinctions are 

 entirely ignored. The grades are based upon the number of 



