354 Forestry Quarterly 



administration as irrational ; 20 per cent of the spruce area is 

 over 100 years and 40 per cent of the fir area. The age classes 

 show that since 1833 to 1852 no progress had been made to 

 propagate pine, while for spruce and fir an increase in the young- 

 est age classes of 29 per cent has taken place. 



The wood yield in the 14 years has increased 16.7 per cent, the 

 increase being specially noticeable in workwood, the workwood 

 per cent having increased from 53 to 57.4 per cent. The stout- 

 wood product in 1913 having come to 55 cubic feet per acre for 

 the whole State, the State forests produced 74 cubic feet. The 

 greatest increase in production (34.5%) is recorded for the 

 State forests, while in private forests the increase was only 2.4 

 per cent. Bavaria is the one State in Germany which exports 

 surplus, almost half its cut, to other parts of Germany, which im- 

 ports altogether in the neighborhood of 500,000,000 cubic feet. 

 There has been an increase of forest area for all Germany of 

 1.63 per cent since 1900, for Bavaria 1.13 per cent (Saxony and 

 Alsace-Lorraine alone experiencing a reduction). 



Die forstwissenschafUiche Bodenbenutzung Bayerns in Jahre 1913. Forst- 

 wissenschaftliches Centralblatt, November, 1915, pp. 499-519. 



A close canvass of labor conditions in 

 Forest the Bavarian Forest Department is of in- 



Labor terest on account of the completeness of the 



inquiry. The first thing that will strike the 

 American reader is that of the around 75,000 laborers 42 per 

 cent are women and boys. These latter are, of course, used 

 mainly in planting and other light labor in spring and summer, 

 while winter work falls to men. Counted by days of labor, how- 

 ever, 4/5 of the work is done by men. Only 22 per cent of the 

 43,107 men are forest laborers by "profession," and if 200 days 

 in the year are counted as full work the number of men doing full 

 year's work is reduced to less than 10 per cent, or 4151. About 

 9/10 of all persons occupied in forest labor give less than half 

 a year's time, and in the average hardly 2y^ months. Altogether, 

 the labor days represent 15,119 full 300-day years. The re- 

 quirement per 100 acres is given as 224 labor days, less than 1 

 man per year. There is, however, from district to district a vari- 

 ation from 150 to 370 labor days per 100 acres noted. 



