Periodical Literature 355 



Logging labor consumes 59 per cent, of which, however, 88 per 

 cent is done by contract or by the piece; road building requires 

 11 per cent ; cultures, 24 per cent ; other work, 6 per cent. 



Of all the work, 54 per cent is done under contract. The length 

 of day for day labor varies from 8 to 10 hours, according to 

 season. 



The pay varies very considerably from district to district. Men 

 get from 40 cents to 87 cents, or 56 cents on the average, but in 

 logging by the piece the earnings may rise to as high as $1.75, 

 averaging 75 cents in winter and 95 cents in summer. The con- 

 tract price for most districts is about 60 to 70 cents per 100 

 cubic feet logs of hardwoods and 10 per cent less for softwood 

 logs ; cordwood is cut for 70 to 90 cents. Woodchoppers' wages 

 have risen since 1900 more than wood prices. 



Women's wages average only a little over 40 cents, 73 per cent 

 of men's wages; boys' and girls' not over 36 cents. 



The wages are mostly paid bi-weekly, the foreman collecting 

 and disbursing them for a 2 per cent commission. 



In the high mountains, the administration furnishes shelter, 

 straw and blankets, and elsewhere at least shelter. 



Of course, all the general insurance and aid for the sick ap- 

 plies to forest laborers. For the full year (1908), the care of 

 sick, given entirely free of cost, amounted to nearly $2 per head 

 for 26 weeks. Invalid insurance, paid half by the State, amounts 

 to $1.60; accident insurance, to $3.34; altogether "social care" 

 requires $10.96 per laborer for full time. 



In concluding the review in the Swiss journal, the writer ex- 

 presses the expectation of a wholesale emigration after the war. 



Die Forstarheiter. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen. January- 

 February, 1916, pp. 23-30. 



Dr. Borgman discusses interestingly for- 

 German est political conditions and post-bellum 



Forest problems for Germany. Germany's import 



Problems of workwood has in the last 10 years risen 



from about 350 million to not less than 

 500 million cubic feet, equivalent to 40 per cent of the consump- 

 tion, the home product satisfying hardly more than 60 per cent 



