404 Forestry Quarterly 



almost 100 years. The best idea I can give my reader at this 

 point concerning this transition is to point out th? great steps which 

 characterize it. These steps are: the founding of the science of 

 forest ecology by Duhamel du Monceau in 1758; the first scientific 

 treatment of silviculture by the fathers of modern forestry, Hartig 

 and Cotta, in the beginning of the 19th century; the beginning of 

 forestry investigations ; and the establishment of forest experiment 

 stations in 1870 which laid the corner-stone of modern forest 

 ecology. Later sections of this paper will discuss this transition 

 more fully. 



The Development of the Ecological Phases of Silviculture (54, 81) 



In this way silviculture developed along empirical lines largely 

 under the influence of the Cameralists, who were usually at the 

 head of the forest administrations, and the " holzgerechte Jaeger," 

 to whom naturally fell the work in the woods. It is needless to 

 say that under the cameralistic regime technical forestry work 

 was held back because these men, while well informed in financial 

 and legal matters pertaining to the forest, were rather ignorant of 

 natural science and technical forestry. The hunters who were 

 versed in forestry, likewise had no schooling in science of foirestry 

 but usually possessed a great fund of practical knowledge derived 

 from years of experience in the woods. Moreover, hunting and 

 forestry were carried on together, and hunting often had superior 

 claims to forestry. Even the higher forest service positions had 

 duties in connection with the chase as well as the forest. This 

 lasted until about the middle of the eighteenth century, when, 

 due to the increasing economic importance of the forests, hunting 

 was to some extent divorced from forestry and scientifically 

 trained foresters began to supplant the Cameralists and himters. 

 Towards the end of the century, German forestry history is 

 fortimate to be able to record the names of an array of coryphaei 

 who exercised their beneficial influence in various branches of 

 forestry and made possible the present high stage of development 

 of the science. These men were not only administrators and 

 practical foresters but scientists and teachers as well. The first 

 of these foresters, who combined the empirical knowledge of the 

 hunters with the scientific learning of the Cameralists, and thereby 

 founded the science of forestry was G. L. Hartig, who became 

 chief of the Prussian forest administration from 1811 to 1837. 



