Periodical Literature 521 



more important. This may, however, have been due to specially 

 favorable development conditions for these in the particular year. 

 It is pointed out that there is a difference in the relative frequency 

 of occurrence of parasites in different localities. Of the 39 

 ichneumonidae parasitic on pine moth known to Ratzeburg, in 

 the Great Forest almost 80 per cent were absent. 



The fungus infection of the caterpillars, which winter on the 

 ground, is greatly increased by a goodly cover of litter — (a new 

 argument for its preservation and the bane of forest fires!). In 

 the end, besides liming, the parasites on the simimer caterpillars 

 and cocoons beginning their work in June, were most effective, 

 hence the investigation of health conditions must be extended to 

 the summer caterpillars. 



Beobachtungen beim Kiefernspinnerjrass ini Grossen Fohrenwald. Central- 

 blatt fur das gesammte Forstwesen, May-June, 1915, pp. 161-73. 



MENSURATION, FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT 



Professor Zoltan Fekete, of the Hungarian 



Mensuration Mining and Forestry School, has investi- 



Meihods gated various sample area methods as regard 



Compared their accuracy, time requirement and costs; 



he has also investigated the value of the 



German volume tables for Hungary. The investigations were 



made in 57, mostly mixed, stands, beech, oak, fir, etc., the total 



area of the test plots being nearly 1500 acres, the stock being cali- 



pered and determined as around 7.5 million cubic feet. All were 



ripe stands, but greatly varying in other conditions. The three 



methods of selecting sample areas were used, the common square, 



the circular, and the strip. 



As regards accuracy, comparing with the total calipered results, 

 the position was : 



Circle method +2 per cent 

 Strip method +1.2 " " 



Common square +1.9 " " 



Dividing the trees into three diameter classes, with equal volumes, 

 the errors in the single classes varied within the following limits: 



Circle method + . 4 per cent and — 5.1 per cent 

 Strip method +4.0 " " " - 1.1 " " 



Common square +17.6 " " " -27.1 " " 



